Abstract
Somatotropin, commonly known as growth hormone (GH) is a polypeptide chain containing about 190 amino acid residues, produced by the pituitary gland in mammals and is responsible for a number of anabolic processes. It has two disulphide bridges, with 4 alpha helices arranged in anti-paralel distinctive manner. GH molecule binds with two receptor molecules to exhibit its full biological activity. In this review, the information regarding charecterization, structure and function is updated. A number of human growth hormone variants (naturally occuring and poduced by recombinant DNA- technology) are visualised, and structure related functions are revealed. 1) The di-sulphide bridges are not essential for the biological activity of the molecule. The two chain variants of GH are able to show full biological activity. 2) The different domains of GH could be related to its functions 3) N-terminus of the molecule is involved in the galactopoietic activity of the molecule. 4) A single amio acid residue at a particular position could determine the magnitude of hormone receptor binding. 5) Role of Trp 86 is critical in packing of the apha helices bundles of the molecule. 6) Hydrophobic cores are essential for the stability of GH molecule 7) Salt bridges and hydrogen bonds are also important for the binding of the molecule with its receptors. 8) GH molecule has two binding sites for receptor molecules, SiteI and Site II which are sterically coupled. The placental growth hormone has also been discussed and compared with the pituitary derived GH for its structure and function.
Keywords: disulphide bridges, hGH variants, Trp 86 deletion, placental growth hormone, mutation
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title: Structure-Function Relation of Somatotropin with Reference to Molecular Modeling
Volume: 8 Issue: 3
Author(s): Amtul Jamil Sami
Affiliation:
Keywords: disulphide bridges, hGH variants, Trp 86 deletion, placental growth hormone, mutation
Abstract: Somatotropin, commonly known as growth hormone (GH) is a polypeptide chain containing about 190 amino acid residues, produced by the pituitary gland in mammals and is responsible for a number of anabolic processes. It has two disulphide bridges, with 4 alpha helices arranged in anti-paralel distinctive manner. GH molecule binds with two receptor molecules to exhibit its full biological activity. In this review, the information regarding charecterization, structure and function is updated. A number of human growth hormone variants (naturally occuring and poduced by recombinant DNA- technology) are visualised, and structure related functions are revealed. 1) The di-sulphide bridges are not essential for the biological activity of the molecule. The two chain variants of GH are able to show full biological activity. 2) The different domains of GH could be related to its functions 3) N-terminus of the molecule is involved in the galactopoietic activity of the molecule. 4) A single amio acid residue at a particular position could determine the magnitude of hormone receptor binding. 5) Role of Trp 86 is critical in packing of the apha helices bundles of the molecule. 6) Hydrophobic cores are essential for the stability of GH molecule 7) Salt bridges and hydrogen bonds are also important for the binding of the molecule with its receptors. 8) GH molecule has two binding sites for receptor molecules, SiteI and Site II which are sterically coupled. The placental growth hormone has also been discussed and compared with the pituitary derived GH for its structure and function.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Jamil Sami Amtul, Structure-Function Relation of Somatotropin with Reference to Molecular Modeling, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2007; 8 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920307780831820
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920307780831820 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein/protein and RNA/protein interactions are essential for molecular regulations
Protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions are fundamental to the intricate regulatory mechanisms that govern various cellular processes, playing a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance and coordination within the complex molecular landscape. Proteins, the workhorses of the cell, engage in a myriad of interactions, both with other proteins and with ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Discovery of Modulators of Protein-Protein Interactions: Current Approaches and Limitations
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Computational Approaches for the Identification and Optimization of Src Family Kinases Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Autophagy in Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Neuropharmacology Sugar-Borate Esters – Potential Chemical Agents in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Glycosaminoglycan Sulodexide Inhibition of MMP-9 Gelatinase Secretion and Activity: Possible Pharmacological Role Against Collagen Degradation in Vascular Chronic Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology Preface (Hot Topic: Bioactive Peptides from Food Proteins Executive Editor: Antonio Pellegrini )
Current Pharmaceutical Design DNA Methyltransferase-1 Inhibitors as Epigenetic Therapy for Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Clustering Algorithms: On Learning, Validation, Performance, and Applications to Genomics
Current Genomics The Potency of Refined Mouse Models: Implications for Clinical Trials
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews The Molecular Pathology of Eye Tumors: A 2019 Update Main Interests for Routine Clinical Practice
Current Molecular Medicine Clinical Uses of Melatonin in Neurological Diseases and Mental and Behavioural Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Drug Transporters in Relation to Cancer Risk
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Ectopic Thyroid Gland: Description of a Case and Review of the Literature
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Tree of Sirtuins and the Garden of Cardiovascular Youth
Current Vascular Pharmacology BRCA Unclassified Variants: How Can They be Classified?
Current Women`s Health Reviews Forging New Scaffolds from Old: Combining Scaffold Hopping and Hierarchical Virtual Screening for Identifying Novel Bcl-2 Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Targeted Agents Combined with Chemo-Radiation in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Will Antirheumatic Treatment Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Application of Fungal Beta-glucans for the Treatment of Colon Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Inflammation and Anemia
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry