Ox-LDL Particles: Modified Components, Cellular Uptake, Biological Roles and Clinical Assessments

Mohammad      Najafi; Abazar      Roustazadeh; Behnam      Alipoor

Abstract

Among concepts proposed to elucidate atherosclerosis process, the oxidative modification hypothesis is more considered to be investigated in studies. Based on the hypothesis, the LDL components are chemically modified due to oxidative stress within subendothelial space of vessels. The cells are able to recognize the oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) preparations so that inflammatory events spread through intracellular pathways and lead to the cellular dysfunction and the production of atherosclerotic plaques. The circulating ox-LDL level is suggested as biomarker of atherogenic lesions. However, it is not confirmed in some studies since the circulating ox-LDL clearance during the extent of atherosclerosis process is related to function of scavenger receptors and the serum anti LDL levels. The report is focused on the biochemical characteristics of modified LDL components, the cellular internalization of ox-LDL particles through the scavenger receptors, prediction of consensus blocks in the receptor sequences and the circulating ox-LDL assessments in cardiovascular complications.

Keywords: Ox-LDL, Components, Scavenger receptors, Blocks, Cardiovascular disease, Lysophosphatidylcholine, sn-2 acyl group, PAF-AH enzymes, chain-oxidized oxysterols, malondialdehyde