Abstract
There is increasing evidence that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can effectively be used not only in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but also in other human disorders; indeed, statins have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, so that they can influence the onset and outcome of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been shown that statins can affect growth and survival of solid tumour and leukemic cells, thus they have been proposed in the treatment of neoplasias as multiple myeloma, in association with drugs, as thalidomide, known to act on the cancer microenvironment.
In the current view, tumor microenvironment include many cell types that interact with tumor cells: among them, stromal and endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, the various types of lymphocytes such as NK cells, B and T cells. The interplay between all these cell populations, and the balance between these, determines whether there is a tumour cell growth promotion or inhibition.
In haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas, the survival, drug-resistance and proliferation of leukemic cells have been shown to be largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment, so that some cellular components of it, mainly mesenchymal stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, are now proposed as targets of new therapies. Herein, we analyze the effects that statins can exert on cancer cells, stromal cells and human natural killer cells, to discuss whether they can be proposed as anti-cancer drugs.
Keywords: Statins, natural killer cells, tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells, cholesterol inhibitors, bone marrow, 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl, coenzyme A reductase, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Modulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function with Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors
Volume: 18 Issue: 34
Author(s): A. Poggi and M. R. Zocchi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Statins, natural killer cells, tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells, cholesterol inhibitors, bone marrow, 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl, coenzyme A reductase, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can effectively be used not only in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but also in other human disorders; indeed, statins have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, so that they can influence the onset and outcome of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been shown that statins can affect growth and survival of solid tumour and leukemic cells, thus they have been proposed in the treatment of neoplasias as multiple myeloma, in association with drugs, as thalidomide, known to act on the cancer microenvironment.
In the current view, tumor microenvironment include many cell types that interact with tumor cells: among them, stromal and endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, the various types of lymphocytes such as NK cells, B and T cells. The interplay between all these cell populations, and the balance between these, determines whether there is a tumour cell growth promotion or inhibition.
In haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas, the survival, drug-resistance and proliferation of leukemic cells have been shown to be largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment, so that some cellular components of it, mainly mesenchymal stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, are now proposed as targets of new therapies. Herein, we analyze the effects that statins can exert on cancer cells, stromal cells and human natural killer cells, to discuss whether they can be proposed as anti-cancer drugs.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Poggi A. and R. Zocchi M., Modulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function with Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798184244
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798184244 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The mTOR Signaling Network: Insights from Its Role During Embryonic Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry Biological Modulation by Lectins and Their Ligands in Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Regulation of Angiogenesis by Th1- and Th2-Type Cytokines
Current Pharmaceutical Design Different Aspects of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Cancer Stem Cells, their Niche and Targeted Therapy
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy De Novo Design of New Inhibitor of Mutated Tyrosine-Kinase for the Myeloid Leukemia Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Myc in Pediatric Malignancies of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Current Cancer Drug Targets Novel Anticancer Dimeric Naphthoquinones from <i>Diospyros lotus</i> having Anti- Tumor, Anti-Inflammatory and Multidrug Resistance Reversal Potential: <i>In Vitro, In Vivo</i> and <i>In Silico</i> Evidence
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mammary Development and Breast Cancer: The Role of Stem Cells
Current Molecular Medicine Berberine as a Promising Safe Anti-Cancer Agent- Is there a Role for Mitochondria?
Current Drug Targets Moxifloxacin Based Triple Therapy as Alternative to Standard Therapy in <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Eradication
Anti-Infective Agents Alternatives to Conventional Vaccines - Mediators of Innate Immunity
Current Drug Targets Targeting the IL-6 Pathway in Multiple Myeloma and its Implications in Cancer-Associated Gene Hypermethylation
Medicinal Chemistry Use of Cytokines in Cancer Vaccines/Immunotherapy: Recent Developments Improve Survival Rates for Patients with Metastatic Malignancy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biologically Active Selenophenes and Benzo[b]selenophenes
Current Organic Synthesis The Tree of Sirtuins and the Garden of Cardiovascular Youth
Current Vascular Pharmacology The TGF-β Signaling Pathway as a Pharmacological Target in a Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Organosulfur Compounds in Cancer Chemoprevention
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Targeted Tumor Therapies at a Glance
Current Drug Targets Studies of NVP-BEZ235 in Melanoma
Current Cancer Drug Targets Protein-Protein Interactions in Drug Discovery
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued)