Abstract
Bv8 is a small protein secreted by frog skin. Mammalian homologues of Bv8, the prokineticins PK1 and PK2, and their G-protein coupled receptors PKR1 and PKR2 have been identified and linked to several biological effects as gut motility, circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression, haematopoiesis and nociception. In rodents, administration of amphibian Bv8 lowers nociceptor thresholds to a broad spectrum of physical and chemical stimuli. The prokineticin receptors are present in regions of the nervous system associated with pain; primary sensitive neurons expressing PKRs also express the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, providing an anatomical basis for PKR1/TRPV1 cooperative interaction in nociceptor sensitization. Bv8/PK2, strongly up-regulated in neutrophils and other inflammatory cells, is a main pronociceptive mediator in inflamed tissues. Indeed Bv8/PK2 produced by inflammatory cells is released at the site of inflammation where it sensitizes peripheral nociceptors, stimulates chemotaxis and modulates the release of inflammatory and pronociceptive cytokines. Availability of a non-peptide PKR antagonist, leading to blockade the PK/PKR system, ameliorates pain arising from tissue injury and, additionally, reduces the time required for recovery from injury.
Keywords: Bv8/PK2, Inflammatory pain, Nociception, Prokineticins, Prokineticin receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, gut motility, circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, cancer progression, haematopoiesis, vanilloid receptor TRPV1, inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title: Bv8-Prokineticins and their Receptors: Modulators of Pain
Volume: 12 Issue: 10
Author(s): Lucia Negri and Roberta Lattanzi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bv8/PK2, Inflammatory pain, Nociception, Prokineticins, Prokineticin receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, gut motility, circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, cancer progression, haematopoiesis, vanilloid receptor TRPV1, inflammation
Abstract: Bv8 is a small protein secreted by frog skin. Mammalian homologues of Bv8, the prokineticins PK1 and PK2, and their G-protein coupled receptors PKR1 and PKR2 have been identified and linked to several biological effects as gut motility, circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression, haematopoiesis and nociception. In rodents, administration of amphibian Bv8 lowers nociceptor thresholds to a broad spectrum of physical and chemical stimuli. The prokineticin receptors are present in regions of the nervous system associated with pain; primary sensitive neurons expressing PKRs also express the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, providing an anatomical basis for PKR1/TRPV1 cooperative interaction in nociceptor sensitization. Bv8/PK2, strongly up-regulated in neutrophils and other inflammatory cells, is a main pronociceptive mediator in inflamed tissues. Indeed Bv8/PK2 produced by inflammatory cells is released at the site of inflammation where it sensitizes peripheral nociceptors, stimulates chemotaxis and modulates the release of inflammatory and pronociceptive cytokines. Availability of a non-peptide PKR antagonist, leading to blockade the PK/PKR system, ameliorates pain arising from tissue injury and, additionally, reduces the time required for recovery from injury.
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Cite this article as:
Negri Lucia and Lattanzi Roberta, Bv8-Prokineticins and their Receptors: Modulators of Pain, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2011; 12 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920111798357410
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920111798357410 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
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