Abstract
Cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) drive numerous signaling pathways involved in the regulation of a broad range of physiologic processes. Today, they represent the largest target for modern drugs development with potential application in all clinical fields. Recently, the concept of “ligand-directed trafficking” has led to a conceptual revolution in pharmacological theory, thus opening new avenues for drug discovery. Accordingly, GPCRs do not function as simple on-off switch but rather as filters capable of selecting the activation of specific signals and thus generating texture responses to ligands, a phenomenon often referred to as ligand-biased signaling. Also, one challenging task today remains optimization of pharmacological assays with increased sensitivity so to better appreciate the inherent texture of ligands. However, considering that a single receptor has pleiotropic signaling properties and that each signal can crosstalk at different levels, biased activity remains thus difficult to evaluate. One strategy to overcome these limitations would be examining the initial steps following receptor activation. Even, if some G protein independent functions have been recently described, heterotrimeric G protein activation remains a general hallmark for all GPCRs families and the first cellular event subsequent to agonist binding to the receptor. Herein, we review the different methodologies classically used or recently developed to monitor G protein activation and discussed them in the context of G protein biased-ligands
Keywords: GPCRs, G protein, biased agonist, ligand-directed trafficking, ligand efficacy, G protein sensors, signaling pathways, protein activation, pleiotropic signaling properties, calcium concentrations
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Probing Heterotrimeric G Protein Activation: Applications to Biased Ligands
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): Colette Denis, Aude Sauliere, Segolene Galandrin, Jean-Michel Senard and Celine Gales
Affiliation:
Keywords: GPCRs, G protein, biased agonist, ligand-directed trafficking, ligand efficacy, G protein sensors, signaling pathways, protein activation, pleiotropic signaling properties, calcium concentrations
Abstract: Cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) drive numerous signaling pathways involved in the regulation of a broad range of physiologic processes. Today, they represent the largest target for modern drugs development with potential application in all clinical fields. Recently, the concept of “ligand-directed trafficking” has led to a conceptual revolution in pharmacological theory, thus opening new avenues for drug discovery. Accordingly, GPCRs do not function as simple on-off switch but rather as filters capable of selecting the activation of specific signals and thus generating texture responses to ligands, a phenomenon often referred to as ligand-biased signaling. Also, one challenging task today remains optimization of pharmacological assays with increased sensitivity so to better appreciate the inherent texture of ligands. However, considering that a single receptor has pleiotropic signaling properties and that each signal can crosstalk at different levels, biased activity remains thus difficult to evaluate. One strategy to overcome these limitations would be examining the initial steps following receptor activation. Even, if some G protein independent functions have been recently described, heterotrimeric G protein activation remains a general hallmark for all GPCRs families and the first cellular event subsequent to agonist binding to the receptor. Herein, we review the different methodologies classically used or recently developed to monitor G protein activation and discussed them in the context of G protein biased-ligands
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Cite this article as:
Denis Colette, Sauliere Aude, Galandrin Segolene, Senard Jean-Michel and Gales Celine, Probing Heterotrimeric G Protein Activation: Applications to Biased Ligands, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040466
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799040466 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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