Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is evolving globally at an alarming rate. This fact is mainly the result of our global lifestyle “modernization” that has resulted in overweight and obesity. Dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, while a reduce expression of many PPAR-γ regulated genes has been observed in an obese diabetic state. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that apart from their glucose-lowering activity, these drugs also regulate the production of inflammatory mediators by cells that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This paper summarizes the evolving changes observed in an enlarged adipose tissue and examines the activity of TZDs in their main cellular targets. It also discusses whether these cellular pleiotropic effects can result in a clinically meaningful outcome, in terms of cardiovascular benefit, in this population.
Keywords: Adipose tissue, Cardiovascular risk, Peroxisome, Proliferator activated receptor-gamma, Piolitazone, Rosiglitazone, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Obesity, Pioglitazone
Current Drug Targets
Title: Thiazolidinediones and Type 2 Diabetes: From Cellular Targets to Cardiovascular Benefit
Volume: 12 Issue: 10
Author(s): Georgios S. Papaetis, Dora Orphanidou and Themistoklis N. Panagiotou
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adipose tissue, Cardiovascular risk, Peroxisome, Proliferator activated receptor-gamma, Piolitazone, Rosiglitazone, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Obesity, Pioglitazone
Abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is evolving globally at an alarming rate. This fact is mainly the result of our global lifestyle “modernization” that has resulted in overweight and obesity. Dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, while a reduce expression of many PPAR-γ regulated genes has been observed in an obese diabetic state. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that apart from their glucose-lowering activity, these drugs also regulate the production of inflammatory mediators by cells that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This paper summarizes the evolving changes observed in an enlarged adipose tissue and examines the activity of TZDs in their main cellular targets. It also discusses whether these cellular pleiotropic effects can result in a clinically meaningful outcome, in terms of cardiovascular benefit, in this population.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
S. Papaetis Georgios, Orphanidou Dora and N. Panagiotou Themistoklis, Thiazolidinediones and Type 2 Diabetes: From Cellular Targets to Cardiovascular Benefit, Current Drug Targets 2011; 12 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945011796818243
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945011796818243 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Comparative Studies of the Antioxidant Effects of Cis- and Trans- Resveratrol
Current Medicinal Chemistry Double-Edged Sword of Novel Anti-Cancer Treatment: Proteasome Inhibition in the Growth Plate Causes Impairment of Longitudinal Bone Growth
Current Pediatric Reviews Antimicrobial Peptides in Oral Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Strategies of Engineering Nanoparticles for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Drug Metabolism Combined Antiplatelet Therapy: Still a Sweeping Combination in Cardiology
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Effect of Dietary Education on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Current Rheumatology Reviews Editorial [Hot Topic: Heart Transplantation in Congenital Heart Disease (Guest Editor: Francesco Parisi)]
Current Cardiology Reviews Microbial Metabolomics
Current Genomics Can Serum Uric Acid Lowering Therapy Contribute to the Prevention or Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Cardiometabolic Risk Related to the Association of hypertriglyceridemia-Low HDLc
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dietary Fat and Hypertension: A Novel Approach Through the Proteolytic Regulatory Enzymes of the Renin-Angiotensin-System
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Hypertriglyceridemia - Common Causes, Prevention and treatment Strategies
Current Cardiology Reviews Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) Inhibition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, a Target with Multiple Opportunities for Cardiovascular Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Calcium Channel Blockers in the Management of Hypertension in the Elderly
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Large Unrepaired Aortopulmonary Window Presenting in Adulthood
Current Cardiology Reviews Treatment of Obesity: Should We Target the Individual or Society?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Emerging Approved Treatments for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Some Hope for Patients?
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Tissue Regeneration: From Synthetic Scaffolds to Self-Organizing Morphogenesis
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Pleiotropic Effects of Simvastatin on Some Calcium Regulatory and Myofibrillar Proteins in Ischemic/Reperfused Heart: Causality of Statins Cardioprotection?
Current Pharmaceutical Design