Abstract
Tumors with mutations in the gene encoding the serine-threonine protein kinase BRAF are dependent on the MAPK signaling pathway for their growth, what offers an opportunity to test oncogene-targeted therapy. Mutations at the position V600 of BRAF were described in approximately 8% of all solid tumors, including 50% of melanomas, 30 to 70% of papillary thyroid carcinomas and 5 to 8% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Specific BRAF kinase inhibitors are undergoing rapid clinical development and promising data on efficacy have been demonstrated in activated mutant BRAF V600 melanomas. This review article will address: (a) preclinical data on the antitumor activity of BRAF inhibitors in cell lines/ in vivo models and their opposing functions as inhibitors or activators of the MAPK pathway, depending on the cellular context; (b) drug development from non-selective RAF inhibitors to selective BRAF inhibitors, such as PLX4032 and GSK2118436, with emphasis in the clinical efficacy and toxicity of these agents; and (c) possible mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and strategies to overcome its development in BRAF mutant tumors.
Keywords: BRAF V600, BRAF inhibitor, melanoma, RAF inhibitor, resistance, targeted therapy, ARAF, BRAF, MAPK kinase, C-terminal kinase domain, phosphatase, NRAS mutations, cytotoxic chemotherapy, hospho-ERK, PTEN
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: BRAF as a Target for Cancer Therapy
Volume: 11 Issue: 3
Author(s): Rodrigo Dienstmann and Josep Tabernero
Affiliation:
Keywords: BRAF V600, BRAF inhibitor, melanoma, RAF inhibitor, resistance, targeted therapy, ARAF, BRAF, MAPK kinase, C-terminal kinase domain, phosphatase, NRAS mutations, cytotoxic chemotherapy, hospho-ERK, PTEN
Abstract: Tumors with mutations in the gene encoding the serine-threonine protein kinase BRAF are dependent on the MAPK signaling pathway for their growth, what offers an opportunity to test oncogene-targeted therapy. Mutations at the position V600 of BRAF were described in approximately 8% of all solid tumors, including 50% of melanomas, 30 to 70% of papillary thyroid carcinomas and 5 to 8% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Specific BRAF kinase inhibitors are undergoing rapid clinical development and promising data on efficacy have been demonstrated in activated mutant BRAF V600 melanomas. This review article will address: (a) preclinical data on the antitumor activity of BRAF inhibitors in cell lines/ in vivo models and their opposing functions as inhibitors or activators of the MAPK pathway, depending on the cellular context; (b) drug development from non-selective RAF inhibitors to selective BRAF inhibitors, such as PLX4032 and GSK2118436, with emphasis in the clinical efficacy and toxicity of these agents; and (c) possible mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and strategies to overcome its development in BRAF mutant tumors.
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Cite this article as:
Dienstmann Rodrigo and Tabernero Josep, BRAF as a Target for Cancer Therapy, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 11 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152011795347469
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152011795347469 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
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