Abstract
The ultimate aim of therapy or vaccine design against HIV is to eliminate ongoing virus replication or prevent HIV infection. The task at hand is daunting given the wide array of HIV variants circulating and the immense degree of variation found within the virus, especially in the envelope glycoprotein. HIV utilizes the CD4 receptor and a range of 7 transmembrane chemokine coreceptors for cell entry, specifically CCR5 and CXCR4. These receptors provide a number of targets for therapy design, however, the finding that multiple receptors allow for viral entry suggests that targeting one may cause the virus to swirch to using another receptor. The molecular interactions directing coreceptor usage are complex and can involve the same modifications associated with escape from the effect of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), indicating that they are not unrelated and can in all likelihood impact on each other. Furthermore, a large array of other receptors, other than CD4, CCR5 and/or CXCR4 can interact with HIV with consequences for HIV tranmssion as well as disease progression.
Keywords: HIV, CD4, CCR5, CXCR4, HIV-1 (co)Receptors, Vaccine, glycoprotein, CD4 receptor, chemokine, neutralizing antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, gp120/41, Maraviroc, Selzentry, Celsentri, C-type lectins, M-tropic, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein, CXC-chemokine receptor LESTER, fusin, G-protein coupled receptors, R5X4, X4 phenotype, serine, threonine, phosphorylation, GPCR, CC-chemokines, MIP-1, hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, MHC-class-I epitopes, N linked glycosylation, glycan shield, TNX-355, Hu5A8, hu-PBM-NOD-SCID mice
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: HIV-1 (co)Receptors: Implications for Vaccine and Therapy Design
Volume: 16 Issue: 33
Author(s): Georgios Pollakis and William A Paxton
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV, CD4, CCR5, CXCR4, HIV-1 (co)Receptors, Vaccine, glycoprotein, CD4 receptor, chemokine, neutralizing antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, gp120/41, Maraviroc, Selzentry, Celsentri, C-type lectins, M-tropic, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein, CXC-chemokine receptor LESTER, fusin, G-protein coupled receptors, R5X4, X4 phenotype, serine, threonine, phosphorylation, GPCR, CC-chemokines, MIP-1, hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, MHC-class-I epitopes, N linked glycosylation, glycan shield, TNX-355, Hu5A8, hu-PBM-NOD-SCID mice
Abstract: The ultimate aim of therapy or vaccine design against HIV is to eliminate ongoing virus replication or prevent HIV infection. The task at hand is daunting given the wide array of HIV variants circulating and the immense degree of variation found within the virus, especially in the envelope glycoprotein. HIV utilizes the CD4 receptor and a range of 7 transmembrane chemokine coreceptors for cell entry, specifically CCR5 and CXCR4. These receptors provide a number of targets for therapy design, however, the finding that multiple receptors allow for viral entry suggests that targeting one may cause the virus to swirch to using another receptor. The molecular interactions directing coreceptor usage are complex and can involve the same modifications associated with escape from the effect of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), indicating that they are not unrelated and can in all likelihood impact on each other. Furthermore, a large array of other receptors, other than CD4, CCR5 and/or CXCR4 can interact with HIV with consequences for HIV tranmssion as well as disease progression.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pollakis Georgios and A Paxton William, HIV-1 (co)Receptors: Implications for Vaccine and Therapy Design, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210794079146
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210794079146 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Bladder Cancer and Stem Cells
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Discovery and Development of Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The NK-1 Receptor: A New Target in Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Visualization of Nonspecific Antitumor Effectiveness and Vascular Effects of Gene Electro-Transfer to Tumors
Current Gene Therapy Histotype in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy and Staging: The Emerging Role of an Old and Underrated Factor
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews MicroRNAs and the Response of Prostate Cancer to Anti-Cancer Drugs
Current Drug Targets Endothelial Chemokines in Autoimmune Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of 3D Pharmacophore Mapping Based Virtual Screening for Identification of Novel Anticancer Agents: An Overview
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Approach to Targeted Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Repurposing of Metformin for Cancer Therapy: Updated Patent and Literature Review
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery A Targeted Therapy for Protein and Lipid Kinases in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Neoplastic Activity of 1,3-Diaza-2-Functionalized-Adamantan-6-One Compounds Against Melanoma Cells
Medicinal Chemistry Some Recent Synthetic Development on Compounds with Potent Activities on Hormone-sensitive Breast Cancers
Current Organic Chemistry Cancer Stem Cells and their Management in Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Urokinase-a Very Popular Cardiovascular Agent
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Disease
Current Chemical Biology The Mechanisms of Gastric Mucosal Injury: Focus on Microvascular Endothelium as a Key Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry Genistein Potentiates the Anti-cancer Effects of Gemcitabine in Human Osteosarcoma via the Downregulation of Akt and Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Olefin Metathesis Route to Antiviral Nucleosides
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacological Potentials and Nutritional Values of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits of India: Emphasis on their Anticancer Bioactive Components
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery