Abstract
The prevalent challenge facing tissue engineering today is the lack of adequate vascularization to support the growth, function, and viability of tissue substitutes that require blood vessel supply. Researchers rely on the increasing knowledge of angiogenic and vasculogenic processes to stimulate vascular network formation within three-dimensional tissue constructs. These processes are mainly endothelial cell-regulated, although in the context of tissue engineering, specific interactions with scaffold materials, growth factors and other cell types may require in vitro vascularization schemes to be altered accordingly. To better mimic the complete in vivo environment, increasing attention is given to the integration of co-cultures and mechanical conditioning in bioreactors. Such approaches show great promise for the enhancement of the functionality and clinical applicability of tissue engineering constructs. This paper reviews some scaffold materials used in tissue engineering and the effect of their properties on the vascularization process. Also, it specifically addresses the pivotal role of biomaterials vascularization in tissue engineering applications, along with the effect of angiogenic factors and adhesive molecules on angiogenesis. Assays and markers of angiogenesis are also outlined. One section highlights the need for bioreactor cultures and mechanical conditioning in controlling endothelial cell responses. Finally, we conclude with a brief section on the effects of oxygen concentration and hypoxia over microvessel formation.
Keywords: Vascularization, angiogenesis, microvessels, biomaterials, bioreactor, mechanical conditioning, porous scaffolds, growth factors, adhesion molecules, hypoxia, angiogenesis markers, glycosaminoglycans, GAG, Collagens, Polysaccharides, Polyanhydrides, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, focal adhesion kinases, FAK, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, fibroblast growth factor, bFGF, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, placental-like growth factor, multiplexins, Heparan sulphate proteoglycans, HSPG, Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, ePTFE
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Scaffold Vascularization: A Challenge for Three-Dimensional Tissue Engineering
Volume: 17 Issue: 33
Author(s): H. Bramfeld, G. Sabra, V. Centis and P. Vermette
Affiliation:
Keywords: Vascularization, angiogenesis, microvessels, biomaterials, bioreactor, mechanical conditioning, porous scaffolds, growth factors, adhesion molecules, hypoxia, angiogenesis markers, glycosaminoglycans, GAG, Collagens, Polysaccharides, Polyanhydrides, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, focal adhesion kinases, FAK, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, fibroblast growth factor, bFGF, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, placental-like growth factor, multiplexins, Heparan sulphate proteoglycans, HSPG, Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, ePTFE
Abstract: The prevalent challenge facing tissue engineering today is the lack of adequate vascularization to support the growth, function, and viability of tissue substitutes that require blood vessel supply. Researchers rely on the increasing knowledge of angiogenic and vasculogenic processes to stimulate vascular network formation within three-dimensional tissue constructs. These processes are mainly endothelial cell-regulated, although in the context of tissue engineering, specific interactions with scaffold materials, growth factors and other cell types may require in vitro vascularization schemes to be altered accordingly. To better mimic the complete in vivo environment, increasing attention is given to the integration of co-cultures and mechanical conditioning in bioreactors. Such approaches show great promise for the enhancement of the functionality and clinical applicability of tissue engineering constructs. This paper reviews some scaffold materials used in tissue engineering and the effect of their properties on the vascularization process. Also, it specifically addresses the pivotal role of biomaterials vascularization in tissue engineering applications, along with the effect of angiogenic factors and adhesive molecules on angiogenesis. Assays and markers of angiogenesis are also outlined. One section highlights the need for bioreactor cultures and mechanical conditioning in controlling endothelial cell responses. Finally, we conclude with a brief section on the effects of oxygen concentration and hypoxia over microvessel formation.
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Cite this article as:
Bramfeld H., Sabra G., Centis V. and Vermette P., Scaffold Vascularization: A Challenge for Three-Dimensional Tissue Engineering, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2010; 17 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986710793205327
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986710793205327 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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