Abstract
The eye and the skin are protected by a multi-layered epithelial barrier that provides the first line of defence against invading pathogens and environmental stresses such as damaging solar ultraviolet radiation. Extensive epidemiological findings supported by compelling experimental evidence in culture and animal models suggest that ultraviolet radiation is the most important environmental carcinogen leading to the development of a variety of benign and malignant ocular and cutaneous conditions. Epithelial cells have evolved several key defence mechanisms to prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA mutations from stably entering the genome and ultraviolet radiation-damaged cells from establishing themselves in an otherwise normal microenvironment. Firstly, through the process excision repair, cells have the ability to correct carcinogen-induced DNA damage. Secondly, severely damaged cells are eliminated from healthy tissues by molecular programs that trigger cell death. These processes are activated through complex intracellular signalling circuits that ensure that organs such as the eyes and skin are maintained in a disease-free state. Finally, abnormal cells can be recognized, targeted and destroyed by surveillance from the immune system, however this is complicated further by the immunosuppressive effects of ultraviolet radiation that promote tumour growth. This review will discuss in greater detail some of the processes and pathways that are activated in response to ultraviolet radiation and their effect on ocular and cutaneous health.
Keywords: Apoptosis, conjunctival neoplasia, eye, MAPKs, pterygium, receptors, signalling, skin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Signalling Pathways Activated by Ultraviolet Radiation: Role in Ocular and Cutaneous Health
Volume: 16 Issue: 12
Author(s): Nick Di Girolamo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apoptosis, conjunctival neoplasia, eye, MAPKs, pterygium, receptors, signalling, skin
Abstract: The eye and the skin are protected by a multi-layered epithelial barrier that provides the first line of defence against invading pathogens and environmental stresses such as damaging solar ultraviolet radiation. Extensive epidemiological findings supported by compelling experimental evidence in culture and animal models suggest that ultraviolet radiation is the most important environmental carcinogen leading to the development of a variety of benign and malignant ocular and cutaneous conditions. Epithelial cells have evolved several key defence mechanisms to prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA mutations from stably entering the genome and ultraviolet radiation-damaged cells from establishing themselves in an otherwise normal microenvironment. Firstly, through the process excision repair, cells have the ability to correct carcinogen-induced DNA damage. Secondly, severely damaged cells are eliminated from healthy tissues by molecular programs that trigger cell death. These processes are activated through complex intracellular signalling circuits that ensure that organs such as the eyes and skin are maintained in a disease-free state. Finally, abnormal cells can be recognized, targeted and destroyed by surveillance from the immune system, however this is complicated further by the immunosuppressive effects of ultraviolet radiation that promote tumour growth. This review will discuss in greater detail some of the processes and pathways that are activated in response to ultraviolet radiation and their effect on ocular and cutaneous health.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Di Girolamo Nick, Signalling Pathways Activated by Ultraviolet Radiation: Role in Ocular and Cutaneous Health, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791033923
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791033923 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
This thematic issue will emphasize the recent breakthroughs in the mechanisms of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis and devotes some understanding of both Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. It is expected to include studies about cellular and genetic aspects, which help to precipitate the disease, and the immune system-gut microbiome relations ...read more
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employed in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, to monitoring of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Proteasome Inhibitors and their Combination with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Leukemia Cells
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets In Search of the Most Suitable Lentiviral shRNA System
Current Gene Therapy Fungal Biofilm – A Real Obstacle Against an Efficient Therapy: Lessons from Candida
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Deoxypodophyllotoxin Isolated from Juniperus communis Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cellular Targets and Mechanisms in the Cytotoxic Action of Non-biodegradable Engineered Nanoparticles
Current Drug Metabolism Role of Mitochondrial Translocator Protein (18 kDa) on Mitochondrial- Related Cell Death Processes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules: A Pharmacological Expedient to Counteract Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identifying Tumor Deposits in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: using Multiplanar High-Resolution T2WI
Current Medical Imaging The Complex Biology of FOXO
Current Drug Targets MYC as Therapeutic Target for Embryonal Tumors: Potential and Challenges
Current Cancer Drug Targets Attenuated Oncolytic Measles Virus Strains as Cancer Therapeutics
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Metabolic Features of Melanoma: A Gold Mine of New Therapeutic Targets?
Current Cancer Drug Targets Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Smad Pathway as Drug Targets for Osteoporosis and Cancer Therapy
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets An Update on the Systemic Therapy of Malignant Salivary Gland Cancers: Role of Chemotherapy and Molecular Targeted Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Essential Role of Gli Proteins in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Current Protein & Peptide Science Anticancer Effects of the Organosilicon Multidrug Resistance Modulator SILA 421
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry High-Resolution Profiling of Head and Neck Squamous Cells Carcinoma Identifies Specific Biomarkers and Expression Subtypes of Clinically Relevant Vulnerabilities
Current Medicinal Chemistry Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Oxygen and Ethanol: A Potential Combination Therapy in Stroke
Current Medicinal Chemistry Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes (ACE and ACE2) as Potential Targets for Malignant Epithelial Neoplasia: Review and Bioinformatics Analyses Focused in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Protein & Peptide Letters Potential of Taming MicroRNA on Driver Seat to Control Mitochondrial Horses in Breast Carcinoma
MicroRNA