Abstract
Botulinum toxin has long been known for its paralytic effects on the human voluntary musculature via inhibition of acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. Its original clinical use for the treatment of strabismus has expanded significantly to include neurological conditions related to muscle hyperactivity and/or spasticity (e.g., dystonia, spasticity, tics, tremor, dysphonia). Recently, botulinum toxin has been shown to impact autonomic disorders by acting at acceptors on glands and smooth muscle, and consequently it has been used in the management of a number of other conditions including hypersecretory disorders, pain syndromes, detrusor sphinchter dyssenergia or overactivity and gastointestinal smooth muscle/sphincter spasm; it may also reduce pain in patients for whom it is used to treat these and other primary conditions. This article will review the pharmacology and formulations of botulinum toxins as well as data from clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy for numerous conditions based on their effects on cholinergic synapses outside the motor nervous system.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Current Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin
Volume: 15 Issue: 31
Author(s): Daniel D. Truong, Andrea Stenner and Gerhard Reichel
Affiliation:
Abstract: Botulinum toxin has long been known for its paralytic effects on the human voluntary musculature via inhibition of acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. Its original clinical use for the treatment of strabismus has expanded significantly to include neurological conditions related to muscle hyperactivity and/or spasticity (e.g., dystonia, spasticity, tics, tremor, dysphonia). Recently, botulinum toxin has been shown to impact autonomic disorders by acting at acceptors on glands and smooth muscle, and consequently it has been used in the management of a number of other conditions including hypersecretory disorders, pain syndromes, detrusor sphinchter dyssenergia or overactivity and gastointestinal smooth muscle/sphincter spasm; it may also reduce pain in patients for whom it is used to treat these and other primary conditions. This article will review the pharmacology and formulations of botulinum toxins as well as data from clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy for numerous conditions based on their effects on cholinergic synapses outside the motor nervous system.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Truong D. Daniel, Stenner Andrea and Reichel Gerhard, Current Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (31) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789271843
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789271843 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Neurodevelopmental Disorders:Therapeutic Potential
Current Pharmaceutical Design Characterization of Fiber-Forming Peptides and Proteins by Means of Atomic Force Microscopy
Current Protein & Peptide Science Computational Algorithms on Medical Image Processing
Current Medical Imaging Music Therapy for Individuals with Dementia: Areas of Interventions and Research Perspectives
Current Alzheimer Research Recent Advances and Patents on Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Aging Changes in Satellite Cells and Their Functions
Current Aging Science Psychotic (Delusional) Major Depression in the Elderly: A Review
Current Psychiatry Reviews Endothelin Signalling in the Cardiac Myocyte and its Pathophysiological Relevance
Current Vascular Pharmacology Brain Hyperthermia During Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Causes, Mechanisms, and Functional Implications
Current Neurovascular Research Coarse Classification to Region-Scalable Refining for White Matter Lesions Segmentation in Multi-Channel MRI
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mindfulness in the Treatment of Adolescents with Problem Substance Use
Adolescent Psychiatry Mechanism of Action of Volatile Anesthetics: Involvement of Intracellular Calcium Signaling
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Role of Cathepsin K in Normal Joints and in the Development of Arthritis
Current Drug Targets Arsenic-exposed Keratinocytes Exhibit Differential microRNAs Expression Profile; Potential Implication of miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 in Melanoma Pathway
Clinical Cancer Drugs Bioprospecting for Functionally-Proficient Potential Probiotics
Current Nutrition & Food Science Behavioral Tasks Evaluating Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in Animal Models: A Recent Update
Current Neuropharmacology Substance Abuse and Movement Disorders: Complex Interactions and Comorbidities
Current Drug Abuse Reviews The Clinical Development of γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Current Drug Safety Propofol in Anesthesia. Mechanism of Action, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Drug Delivery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Treatment of the Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease According to Cluster Symptoms Presentation
Current Drug Targets