Abstract
Breast carcinogenesis is a multistep and multipath disease process which occurs in the epithelium lining of the ductal system in the vast majority of cases. Several studies have shown that the relative risk of breast cancer is increased in every step of this progression and many tumour associated antigens or biomarkers appear during each phase of carcinogenesis. However, their ability to predict for a substantial likelihood of developing breast cancer remains unclear. The acquisition of breast tissue samples, representative of an individuals cellular stability and subcellular biochemical and molecular state could lead to definition of surrogates for risk, early detection, pharmacodynamic determination and finally chemopreventive intervention. The intraductal approach includes nipple aspiration fluid (NAF), ductal lavage (DL) and mammary ductoscopy (MD). These techniques together with random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) represent the available techniques for the sampling of breast fluid and exfoliated epithelial cells. At the moment, these procedures are not considered a screening procedure for early breast cancer detection but might provide a powerful research tool for studying breast carcinogenesis in vivo. We summarize the current knowledge regarding the vast array of molecules involved at all stages of carcinogenesis, which can be studied by intraductal approach, and the possibility to utilize them as candidate biomarkers to refine risk assessment, and their possible use in prevention strategies.
Keywords: Biomarkers, risk assessment, prevention and breast cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: Biomarkers for Risk Assessment and Prevention of Breast Cancer
Volume: 9 Issue: 4
Author(s): Massimiliano Cazzaniga, Andrea Decensi, Bernardo Bonanni, Alberto Luini and Oreste Gentilini
Affiliation:
Keywords: Biomarkers, risk assessment, prevention and breast cancer
Abstract: Breast carcinogenesis is a multistep and multipath disease process which occurs in the epithelium lining of the ductal system in the vast majority of cases. Several studies have shown that the relative risk of breast cancer is increased in every step of this progression and many tumour associated antigens or biomarkers appear during each phase of carcinogenesis. However, their ability to predict for a substantial likelihood of developing breast cancer remains unclear. The acquisition of breast tissue samples, representative of an individuals cellular stability and subcellular biochemical and molecular state could lead to definition of surrogates for risk, early detection, pharmacodynamic determination and finally chemopreventive intervention. The intraductal approach includes nipple aspiration fluid (NAF), ductal lavage (DL) and mammary ductoscopy (MD). These techniques together with random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) represent the available techniques for the sampling of breast fluid and exfoliated epithelial cells. At the moment, these procedures are not considered a screening procedure for early breast cancer detection but might provide a powerful research tool for studying breast carcinogenesis in vivo. We summarize the current knowledge regarding the vast array of molecules involved at all stages of carcinogenesis, which can be studied by intraductal approach, and the possibility to utilize them as candidate biomarkers to refine risk assessment, and their possible use in prevention strategies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cazzaniga Massimiliano, Decensi Andrea, Bonanni Bernardo, Luini Alberto and Gentilini Oreste, Biomarkers for Risk Assessment and Prevention of Breast Cancer, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2009; 9 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800909788486768
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800909788486768 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Innovative Cancer Drug Targets: A New Horizon in Oncology
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases, with its complexity and adaptability necessitating continuous research efforts into more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in understanding the molecular and genetic basis of cancer, leading to the identification of novel drug targets. These include, but ...read more
The Impact of Cancer Neuroscience on Novel Brain Cancer Treatment
Brain cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies due to its complexity and resistance to conventional therapies. Recent advancements in cancer neuroscience have transformed our understanding of the brain's tumor microenvironment, offering promising insights into novel treatments. By studying the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the nervous system, ...read more
Unraveling the Tumor Microenvironment and Potential Therapeutic Targets: Insights from Single-Cell Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics
This special issue will focus on unraveling the complexities of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identifying key biomarkers for potential therapeutic targets using advanced multi-omics techniques, such as single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. We seek original research and comprehensive reviews that investigate the heterogeneity and dynamics of the TME, emphasizing ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Bridging ‘Green’ with Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis Approaches for Cancer Management and Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells
Current Nanoscience Novel Target Sites for Drug Screening: A Special Reference to Cancer, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Parkinson’s Disease
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Can Probiotics Cure Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: Prevalence, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Current Cardiology Reviews Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Pharmacotherapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry HspB1 Dynamic Phospho-Oligomeric Structure Dependent Interactome as Cancer Therapeutic Target
Current Molecular Medicine Electrospun Biodegradable Bi-Layered Microfiber Membranes for Aluminum Removal from Drinking Water
Micro and Nanosystems Progress in the Development of Bestatin Analogues as Aminopeptidases Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Association between MTHFR Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-analysis of the Literature
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mutation Mechanisms of Breast Cancer among the Female Population in China
Current Bioinformatics Towards the Targeted Therapy of Melanoma
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry CCR5 as a Potential Target in Cancer Therapy: Inhibition or Stimulation?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Functions of Ghrelin in Brain, Gut and Liver
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Progress in 808 nm Excited Upconversion Nanomaterials as Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Visualized Theranostics in Cancers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-Substituted Mangiferin Derivatives as Antioxidant and Anti-cancer Agents
Letters in Organic Chemistry MYC as Therapeutic Target for Embryonal Tumors: Potential and Challenges
Current Cancer Drug Targets Role of Probiotics and Functional Foods in Health: Gut Immune Stimulation by Two Probiotic Strains and a Potential Probiotic Yoghurt
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Phosphorylation Processes Controlling Aromatase Activity in Br east Cancer: An Update
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry A Retrospective Study on <i>Gloriosa superba</i> and Its Main Active Constituents
The Natural Products Journal The Other Side of the Opioid Story: Modulation of Cell Growth and Survival Signaling
Current Medicinal Chemistry