Sleep-Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches

Title:Sleep-Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches

Volume: 23

Author(s): Oscar Arias-Carrión*, Emmanuel Ortega-Robles*, Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún, Jesús Ramírez-Bermúdez, Aya Hamid and Ali Shalash

Affiliation:

• Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González. Ciudad de México, 14080 México

• Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González. Ciudad de México, 14080 México

Keywords: Parkinson's disease, sleep-related disorders, REM sleep behaviour disorder, daytime sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, quality of life.

Abstract:

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is frequently associated with a spectrum of sleep-related disorders, including insomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), REM sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD), Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders (SBDs). These disorders significantly impact PD patients' Quality of Life (QoL) and present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Methods: This review has explored the intricate relationship between PD and sleep-related disorders, emphasizing their distinctive features and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. It aimed to consolidate current knowledge to optimize clinical management and improve patient care. The profound impact of these disorders on QoL has been evaluated, along with precise diagnostic methodologies. Additionally, various therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological interventions, and device-aided therapies, have been examined.

Results: Sleep-related disorders are prevalent among PD patients. Specifically, RBD exhibits a prevalence of 40-50%, often preceding the onset of motor symptoms, indicating its potential as an early marker of PD. Despite their significant impact on QoL, these non-motor symptoms are frequently under-recognized and inadequately managed in clinical practice. Pharmacological treatments, along with nonpharmacological interventions, like cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and lifestyle modifications, have shown varied efficacy. Device-aided therapies have also demonstrated the potential to improve sleep-related disorders and overall non-motor symptom burden.

Conclusion: Effective management of sleep-related disorders in PD calls for personalized, comprehensive, and multimodal therapeutic approaches. This requires the collaborative efforts of neurologists, sleep specialists, psychiatrists, and other healthcare professionals. Future research should focus on the intricate relationship between PD and sleep disorders, aiming to develop innovative treatments and significantly improve patient outcomes.

Cite this article as:

Arias-Carrión Oscar*, Ortega-Robles Emmanuel*, Ortuño-Sahagún Daniel, Ramírez-Bermúdez Jesús, Hamid Aya and Shalash Ali, Sleep-Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2024; 23 () . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118715273314675240820191447