Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) have been shown to be effective immunoprotective agents and vaccine adjuvants in a variety of bacterial and protozoan diseases in different animal species. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunoprotective effect of formulated CpG-ODN with polyphosphazene, liposome or oil-in-water emulsion against E. coli infections in neonatal chickens. Eighteen-day-old embryonating eggs were inoculated with 50 μg CpG-ODN or formulated CpG-ODN with polyphophazene, liposome or oil-in-water emulsion. Four days after exposure to formulated CpG-ODN or day-1 post-hatch, 1x104 or 1x105 cfu of a virulent isolate of E. coli was inoculated by the subcutaneous route in the neck. Clinical signs, pathology, bacterial isolations from the air sacs, and mortality were observed for eight days following challenge with E. coli. The survival rate of birds following E. coli infection was 0% in groups receiving either non-CpG-ODN or saline. In contrast, birds receiving either CpG-ODN or CpG-ODN formulated with polyphosphazene had significantly higher survival of 55% (P < 0.0001). The relative risk of mortality was significantly reduced for birds treated with CpG-ODN formulated in PCPP (0.25), in PCEP (0.33), or unformulated CpG-ODN (0.39) in comparison to the group treated with saline (p < 0.01). Although formulation of CpG-ODN with liposomes or oil-in-water emulsion did not increase the immunoprotective effect against E. coli infection, no adverse reactions or poor hatchability were observed in embryos. This is the first time that CpG-ODN formulated with polyphosphazene has been demonstrated to have an immunoprotective effect against an extra cellular bacterial infection in neonatal broiler chickens following in ovo delivery.
Keywords: CpG-ODN formulation, immunoprotection, in ovo delivery, polyphosphazenes, liposomes, oil-in-water emulsion
Current Drug Delivery
Title: Enhancement of Immunoprotective Effect of CpG-ODN by Formulation with Polyphosphazenes Against E. coli Septicemia in Neonatal Chickens
Volume: 6 Issue: 1
Author(s): Azita Taghavi, Brenda Allan, George Mutwiri, Marianna Foldvari, Andrew Van Kessel, Philip Willson, Lorne Babiuk, Andrew Potter and Susantha Gomis
Affiliation:
Keywords: CpG-ODN formulation, immunoprotection, in ovo delivery, polyphosphazenes, liposomes, oil-in-water emulsion
Abstract: Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) have been shown to be effective immunoprotective agents and vaccine adjuvants in a variety of bacterial and protozoan diseases in different animal species. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunoprotective effect of formulated CpG-ODN with polyphosphazene, liposome or oil-in-water emulsion against E. coli infections in neonatal chickens. Eighteen-day-old embryonating eggs were inoculated with 50 μg CpG-ODN or formulated CpG-ODN with polyphophazene, liposome or oil-in-water emulsion. Four days after exposure to formulated CpG-ODN or day-1 post-hatch, 1x104 or 1x105 cfu of a virulent isolate of E. coli was inoculated by the subcutaneous route in the neck. Clinical signs, pathology, bacterial isolations from the air sacs, and mortality were observed for eight days following challenge with E. coli. The survival rate of birds following E. coli infection was 0% in groups receiving either non-CpG-ODN or saline. In contrast, birds receiving either CpG-ODN or CpG-ODN formulated with polyphosphazene had significantly higher survival of 55% (P < 0.0001). The relative risk of mortality was significantly reduced for birds treated with CpG-ODN formulated in PCPP (0.25), in PCEP (0.33), or unformulated CpG-ODN (0.39) in comparison to the group treated with saline (p < 0.01). Although formulation of CpG-ODN with liposomes or oil-in-water emulsion did not increase the immunoprotective effect against E. coli infection, no adverse reactions or poor hatchability were observed in embryos. This is the first time that CpG-ODN formulated with polyphosphazene has been demonstrated to have an immunoprotective effect against an extra cellular bacterial infection in neonatal broiler chickens following in ovo delivery.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Taghavi Azita, Allan Brenda, Mutwiri George, Foldvari Marianna, Kessel Van Andrew, Willson Philip, Babiuk Lorne, Potter Andrew and Gomis Susantha, Enhancement of Immunoprotective Effect of CpG-ODN by Formulation with Polyphosphazenes Against E. coli Septicemia in Neonatal Chickens, Current Drug Delivery 2009; 6 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720109787048221
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720109787048221 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
Nanotechnology Based Chemotherapy for the treatment of Head & Neck Cancer
The escalating recurrence rates observed in Head and Neck cancer, particularly within the chemo-therapeutically treated cohort (50-60%), can be attributed to the non-selective nature of current anticancer drug delivery modalities. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emerge as a promising avenue for achieving precise localization of therapeutic agents to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Update on the Adverse Effects of Clozapine: Focus on Myocarditis
Current Drug Safety Novel Antibody Therapeutics Targeting Mesothelin In Solid Tumors
Clinical Cancer Drugs Advanced Cardiac Imaging of Radiation-induced Injury - a Review
Current Medical Imaging Myocardial Infarction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – the Sex-Specific Risk Profile
Current Pharmaceutical Design Treatment of Experimental Myocarditis via Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Triggers and Anatomical Substrates in the Genesis and Perpetuation of Atrial Fibrillation
Current Cardiology Reviews Familial Mediterranean Fever
Current Rheumatology Reviews COVID-19 Treatment Success After Repeat Courses of Azithromycin: A Report of Three Cases
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Speculative Considerations about Some Cardiology Enigmas
Current Cardiology Reviews The Role of Colchicine in the Treatment of Autoinflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Virus-Associated Vasculitides: An Update
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Isolation of <i>Morganella Morganii</i> and <i>Providencia</i> Species from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Catheter Ablation of Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immune Therapy for Infectious Diseases at the Dawn of the 21st Century: the Past, Present and Future Role of Antibody Therapy, Therapeutic Vaccination and Biological Response Modifiers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Why and How We Should Treat Elderly Patients with Hypertension?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design Use of Non-Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Relation to Cardiovascular Events. A Systematic Pharmacoepidemiological Review
Current Vascular Pharmacology Cardiovascular Involvement in Pediatric Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: The Emerging Role of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Colchicine in Neurosurgery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recurrent Episodes of Pericardial Effusion as Isolated Manifestation of Tuberculosis: Case Report
Current Medical Imaging