Abstract
Introduction: HFpEF is one of the leading causes of death whose burden is estimated to expand in the coming decades. This paper examines the relationship between circulating levels of galectin-3, an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF.
Methods: The authors reviewed peer-reviewed literature and 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics, study outcome definitions, assay characteristics, main findings, and measures of association were tabulated and summarized.
Results: Five studies found significant associations between galectin-3 and HFpEF diagnosis compared to healthy controls, and one did not. Five studies found significant associations between galectin- 3 concentration in circulation and severity of diastolic dysfunction. Three studies found a statistically significant association between circulating galectin-3 and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization. Two studies found levels of circulating galectin-3 to be a statistically significant predictor of later HFpEF onset. Finally, two studies examined whether galectin-3 was associated with incident HFpEF, one found a significant association and the other did not.
Conclusion: Given the paucity of effective therapeutics for HFpEF, galectin-3 shows promise as a possible HFpEF-linked biomarker that may, with further study, inform and predict treatment course to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: HFpEF, heart failure, biomarker, galectin-3, cardiovascular disease, risk factor.
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