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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

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Research Article

Increased Salivary Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Levels in Behçet’s Disease: Interleukin-32, a Novel Player in Disease Prognosis

Author(s): Zohra Hadjimi, Houda Belguendouz, Sarah Benchabane, Nour El Houda Ghozali, Manel Amri, Racha Kocheida, Djenette Hakem, Ahmed Biad, Fifi Otmani, Yasmine Kemikem, Malika Terahi and Chafia Touil-Boukoffa*

Volume 23, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 02 September, 2022

Page: [347 - 355] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220512120948

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Oral aphthosis is one of the major manifestations of Behçet’s disease (BD), a chronic, multisystemic vasculitis. BD etio-pathogenicity related to oral health lack.

Objective: This study investigated the possible relationships between poor oral hygiene, oral activity, disease severity and saliva’s Interleukin (IL)-32, IL-6, IL-10 and nitric oxide (NO) levels in Behçet’s patients to determine their role in disease prognosis and their potential therapeutic interest.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with BD (22 orally active; 34 orally inactive) and 31 healthy subjects have been included in our study. Salivary levels of IL-32, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA, while NO levels were assessed by modified Griess’s method. Oral health status and disease severity scores were recorded for each participant. Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s test were performed for statistical analyses.

Results: We observed that the tested molecules were increased in BD patients compared to healthy controls (p˂0.05). Moreover, only IL-32 levels were associated with oral activity in patients (p˂0.05). Interestingly, the disease severity score was noted to be correlated positively and significantly with both IL-32 saliva levels (p˂0.01) and plaque index (p˂0.05) in BD patients. Furthermore, IL-32 levels were correlated with plaque index (p˂0.0001).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that IL-32, IL- 6, IL-10 and NO were increased in saliva during BD. Our study indicated that IL-32 was associated with the genesis of oral ulcers in response to dental plaque. Ultimately, salivary IL-32 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a possible therapeutic target for managing Behçet’s disease severity.

Keywords: Behçet’s disease, saliva, cytokine, interleukin-32 (IL-32), nitric oxide (NO), prognosis.

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