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Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Review Article

An Assessment of In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation Methods for Theranostic Nanomaterials

Author(s): Poonam Parashar, Neelu Singh, Alka, Priyanka Maurya and Shubhini A. Saraf*

Volume 28, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 03 August, 2021

Page: [78 - 90] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210804101720

Price: $65

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) as nanocarriers have emerged as novel and promising theranostic agents. The term theranostics revealed the properties of NPs capable of diagnosing the disease at an early stage and/or treating the disease. Such NPs are usually developed employing a surface engineering approach. The theranostic agents comprise NPs loaded with a drug/diagnostic agent that delivers it precisely to the target site. Theranostics is a field with promising results in enhancing therapeutic efficacy facilitated through higher payload at the targeted tissue, reduced dose, and dose-dependent side effects. However, controversies in terms of toxicity and size-dependent properties have often surfaced for NPs. Thus, a stringent in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation is required to develop safe and non-toxic NPs as theranostic agents. The review also focuses on the various entry points of NPs in the human system and their outcomes, including toxicity. It elaborates the evaluation criteria to ensure the safe use of NPs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Keywords: Theranostics, nanoparticles, toxicity, pharmacokinetic, proteins molecules, blood-brain barrier.

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