Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is currently among the most common causes of mortality in women. Estrogen and its subsequent signaling pathways play an important role in the occurrence of breast cancer relapse. Tamoxifen is the most common breast cancer treatment option in ER+ patients, which acts as an adjuvant endocrinotherapy with X-ray and surgery. This approach is recommended as the first-line treatment and has increased the survival rate of breast cancer patients and reduced the relapse cases. However, we can observe resistance to tamoxifen and relapse cases in one-third of patients treated with this drug, which has become a major concern.
Objective: The precise mechanisms of relapse and resistance to tamoxifen have not yet been identified and were explored in this study.
Methods: Microarray profiles of relapse and relapse-free patients were investigated to explain the processes leading to relapse and possibly to tamoxifen resistance.
Results: According to the preliminary analysis, 1460 genes showed increased expression while 1132 genes showed decreased expression. According to our default for inclusion (-2LogFC≥ + 2), 36 genes had increased expression (upregulated) while 33 genes had decreased expression (down-regulated).
Conclusion: It seems that the mechanisms of resistance and relapse are multifactorial, and tumor cells induce relapse and resistance to tamoxifen through cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix secretion, pump and membrane changes, and immune evasion.
Keywords: Tamoxifen, breast cancer, relapse, microarray, estrogen, endocrinotherapy.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Induction of cell death in cancer cells by modulating telomerase activity using small molecule drugs
Telomeres are distinctive but short stretches present at the corners of chromosomes and aid in stabilizing chromosomal makeup. Resynthesis of telomeres supported by the activity of reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex telomerase. There is no any telomerase activity in human somatic cells, but the stem cells and germ cells undergone telomerase ...read more
Role of natural compounds as anti anti-cancer agents
Cancer is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy remains an important approach in treatment o f several types of cancers, even though ...read more
Signaling and enzymatic modulators in cancer treatment
Cancer accounts for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022 and is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the most important approach for the treatment of several ...read more
Related Journals
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Analytical Chemistry
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Related Books
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Botanicals and Natural Bioactives: Prevention and Treatment of Diseases
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Objective Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Compilation of Questions and Answers for Pharmaceutics Exam Prep
Biosurfactants: A Boon to Healthcare, Agriculture & Environmental Sustainability
Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular and Endocrine Systems
Frontiers in Computational Chemistry
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents
The Management of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Integrated and Expeditionary Approach
Advances in Dye Degradation
27