Abstract
Aim and Objective: Cell death is a main pathological change in brain ischemia. Astragalus membranaceus (Ast) and ligustrazine (Lig), as traditional Chinese herbs, have a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We aim to find whether the underlying protective mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine against Oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) -induced injury in RBMECs is related to PKCδ/MARCKS pathway.
Materials and Methods: OGD/R preconditioning was instituted in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs). The survival and apoptosis of RBMECs were detected by a Cell Counting Kit-8 and TUNEL staining; PKCδ/MARCKS and MMP9 expression were examined by immunofluorescence, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: OGD/R stimulation significantly increased RBMEC apoptosis, whereas Ast+Lig, Rottlerin or Ast+Lig+Rottlerin treatment evidently reduced cellular apoptosis and increased cell viability (P <0.05). Furthermore, Ast+Lig, Rottlerin or Ast+Lig+Rottlerin treatment significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of PKCδ/MARCKS and MMP9 (P <0.05), compared to OGD/R control group. Moreover, Ast+Lig, Rottlerin or Ast+Lig+Rottlerin treatment evidently reduced protein expression levels of PKCδ, MMP9, and MARCKS (P <0.05), compared to OGD/R control group, detected by western blotting or immunofluorescence.
Conclusion: The administration of Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine protected RBMECs against OGD/R-induced apoptosis. PKCδ/MARCKS and MMP9 expression were significantly increased after OGD/R stimulation, while Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine treatment evidently suppressed. Collectively, Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine play protective effects against OGD/R-induced injury in RBMECs through regulating PKCδ/MARCKS pathway to inhibit MMP9 activation.
Keywords: Astragalus membranaceus, injury, ligustrazine, oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation, PKC δ/MARCKS, rat brain microvascular endothelial cell.
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Title:Protective Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus and Ligustrazine on Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Reoxygenation by Suppressing the PKCδ/MARCKS Pathway
Volume: 24 Issue: 7
Author(s): Xialin Tang, Huajun Wang, Huihuan Chen, Shuangxi Sun, Hongxia Chen and Ruihuan Pan*
Affiliation:
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou,China
Keywords: Astragalus membranaceus, injury, ligustrazine, oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation, PKC δ/MARCKS, rat brain microvascular endothelial cell.
Abstract:
Aim and Objective: Cell death is a main pathological change in brain ischemia. Astragalus membranaceus (Ast) and ligustrazine (Lig), as traditional Chinese herbs, have a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We aim to find whether the underlying protective mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine against Oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) -induced injury in RBMECs is related to PKCδ/MARCKS pathway.
Materials and Methods: OGD/R preconditioning was instituted in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs). The survival and apoptosis of RBMECs were detected by a Cell Counting Kit-8 and TUNEL staining; PKCδ/MARCKS and MMP9 expression were examined by immunofluorescence, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: OGD/R stimulation significantly increased RBMEC apoptosis, whereas Ast+Lig, Rottlerin or Ast+Lig+Rottlerin treatment evidently reduced cellular apoptosis and increased cell viability (P <0.05). Furthermore, Ast+Lig, Rottlerin or Ast+Lig+Rottlerin treatment significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of PKCδ/MARCKS and MMP9 (P <0.05), compared to OGD/R control group. Moreover, Ast+Lig, Rottlerin or Ast+Lig+Rottlerin treatment evidently reduced protein expression levels of PKCδ, MMP9, and MARCKS (P <0.05), compared to OGD/R control group, detected by western blotting or immunofluorescence.
Conclusion: The administration of Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine protected RBMECs against OGD/R-induced apoptosis. PKCδ/MARCKS and MMP9 expression were significantly increased after OGD/R stimulation, while Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine treatment evidently suppressed. Collectively, Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine play protective effects against OGD/R-induced injury in RBMECs through regulating PKCδ/MARCKS pathway to inhibit MMP9 activation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tang Xialin , Wang Huajun , Chen Huihuan , Sun Shuangxi , Chen Hongxia and Pan Ruihuan *, Protective Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus and Ligustrazine on Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Reoxygenation by Suppressing the PKCδ/MARCKS Pathway, Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 2021; 24 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323999200818170415
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323999200818170415 |
Print ISSN 1386-2073 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5402 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Biomedical, Biochemical and Bioinformatics Problems
Recently, a large number of technologies based on artificial intelligence have been developed and applied to solve a diverse range of problems in the areas of biomedical, biochemical and bioinformatics problems. By utilizing powerful computing resources and massive amounts of data, methods based on artificial intelligence can significantly improve the ...read more
Eco-friendly Agents for Biological Control of Pathogenic Diseases
The discovery of an alternative biological approach to disease management includes work on medicinal products derived from natural sources as a starting point for the development of eco-friendly agents for these diseases and the injuries they cause, as well as reducing human contact with hazardous chemicals and their residues. We ...read more
Emerging trends in diseases mechanisms, noble drug targets and therapeutic strategies: focus on immunological and inflammatory disorders
Recently infectious and inflammatory diseases have been a key concern worldwide due to tremendous morbidity and mortality world Wide. Recent, nCOVID-9 pandemic is a good example for the emerging infectious disease outbreak. The world is facing many emerging and re-emerging diseases out breaks at present however, there is huge lack ...read more
Exploring Spectral Graph Theory in Combinatorial Chemistry
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Combinatorial chemistry involves the synthesis and analysis of a large number of diverse compounds simultaneously. Traditional methods rely on brute force experimentation, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Spectral Graph Theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the properties of graphs in relation to the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Clinical Evidence of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Current Drug Targets Bone Marrow Microenvironment: A Newly Recognized Target for Diabetes- Induced Cellular Damage
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Biology and Therapy
Current Drug Targets Renal Allograft Thrombosis
Current Pediatric Reviews Why Multiples of 21? Why does Selenoprotein P Contain Multiple Selenocysteine Residues?
Current Nutraceuticals Tumoricidal and Anti-Angiogenic Actions of Gamma-Linolenic Acid and Its Derivatives
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Polyphenols in Disease: from Diet to Supplements
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Clinically Relevant Extracellular-Matrix Scaffolds for Cell Transplantation and Vascular Repair
Current Vascular Pharmacology Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins: Challenges and Strategies
Current Drug Targets Pharmacological Management of No Reflow During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mast Cells: Pivotal Players in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Cardiology Reviews Intrathecal Administration of Melatonin Ameliorates the Neuroinflammation- Mediated Sensory and Motor Dysfunction in A Rat Model of Compression Spinal Cord Injury
Current Molecular Pharmacology SIRT1 as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Complications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Calcium Homeostasis and Kinetics in Heart Failure
Medicinal Chemistry Enhanced Neuroprotection of Ischemic Stroke Based on Liposomal Drug Delivery System Loading a Novel Uncoupler of Ischemia-induced nNOSPSD- 95
Current Signal Transduction Therapy The Development of Preventives and Therapeutics for Alzheimers Disease that Inhibit the Formation of β-Amyloid Fibrils (fAβ), as Well as Destabilize Preformed fAβ
Current Pharmaceutical Design Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis: A Potential Therapy with Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets The Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews mTOR: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Diseases of Multiple Systems
Current Drug Targets CD44 and its Role in Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)