Abstract
Both innate and T helper (Th) immunity play a central role in fungal infections. A bi-directional influence exists between the two compartments of the immune system, mainly occurring through cytokine production. On the one hand, protective Th1 or nonprotective Th2 cells mediate resistance or susceptibility to disseminated and localized fungal infections by secreting cytokines with activating or deactivating signals for effector phagocytic cells. On the other hand, cells of the innate immune system regulate the development of antifungal T helper responses by producing directive cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10. In experimental models of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus infections, the administration or neutralization of selective cytokines and the use of cytokine-deficient mice have revealed the existence of a hierarchical pattern of cytokine mediated regulation of antifungal Th cell development and effector function. A finely regulated balance of directive cytokines, rather than the relative absence of opposing cytokines, appears to be required for optimal development and maintenance of protective Th1 reactivity to fungi. Thus, it is conceivable that some cytokines may have beneficial or deleterious effects on infection, depending on the dose and timing of endogenous production or exogenous administration. A better understanding of the different, sometimes unexpected, roles of cytokines is required for their use in prophylaxis and therapy of fungal infections, either alone or in combination with antifungal agents.
Keywords: Cytokines, Candidiasis, Aspergillosis, macrophage activation, Candida albicans, Murine candidiasis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title: Cytokines in Candidiasis and Aspergillosis
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
Author(s): A. Mencacci, E. Cenci, A. Bacci, C. Montagnoli, F. Bistoni and L. Romani
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cytokines, Candidiasis, Aspergillosis, macrophage activation, Candida albicans, Murine candidiasis
Abstract: Both innate and T helper (Th) immunity play a central role in fungal infections. A bi-directional influence exists between the two compartments of the immune system, mainly occurring through cytokine production. On the one hand, protective Th1 or nonprotective Th2 cells mediate resistance or susceptibility to disseminated and localized fungal infections by secreting cytokines with activating or deactivating signals for effector phagocytic cells. On the other hand, cells of the innate immune system regulate the development of antifungal T helper responses by producing directive cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10. In experimental models of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus infections, the administration or neutralization of selective cytokines and the use of cytokine-deficient mice have revealed the existence of a hierarchical pattern of cytokine mediated regulation of antifungal Th cell development and effector function. A finely regulated balance of directive cytokines, rather than the relative absence of opposing cytokines, appears to be required for optimal development and maintenance of protective Th1 reactivity to fungi. Thus, it is conceivable that some cytokines may have beneficial or deleterious effects on infection, depending on the dose and timing of endogenous production or exogenous administration. A better understanding of the different, sometimes unexpected, roles of cytokines is required for their use in prophylaxis and therapy of fungal infections, either alone or in combination with antifungal agents.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mencacci A., Cenci E., Bacci A., Montagnoli C., Bistoni F. and Romani L., Cytokines in Candidiasis and Aspergillosis, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2000; 1 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201003378924
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201003378924 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
Latest Advancements in Biotherapeutics.
The scope of this thematic issue is to comprehensively explore the rapidly evolving landscape of biotherapeutics, emphasizing breakthroughs in precision medicine. Encompassing diverse therapeutic modalities, the issue will delve into the latest developments in monoclonal antibodies, CRISPR/Cas gene editing, CAR-T cell therapies, and innovative drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticle-based ...read more
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Medical Data Analysis and Human Information Analysis in Healthcare
The intersection of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) with the pharmaceutical industry is revolutionizing traditional paradigms in drug discovery and development. These technologies have introduced innovative approaches to analyzing complex datasets and predicting chemical properties, leading to more efficient identification and optimization of drug candidates. By employing sophisticated ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Antidiabetic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Potential Outcomes on Cellular Metabolism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Nanosystems for Oral Administration of Insulin
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Radiolabelled Regulatory Peptides for Imaging and Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Role of PGE2 and EP Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Development in Targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling for Anticancer Therapeutic Strategies
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry PTEN, Insulin Resistance and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interferon-Beta Therapy Monitoring in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Current Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Current Medicinal Chemistry Inhibitors of the TGF-β Superfamily and their Clinical Applications
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Effect on Adipose Tissue of Diabetic Mice Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Etiology of Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome Part Four: The Systemic Perspective – The Role of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems,and the Challenge of Integration
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Detailed Overview of the Role of Resveratrol in Feminine Care: Multiple Health Care Benefits
Current Drug Therapy Recent Developments in the Therapeutics for Endocrine Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Beneficial Effects of Selective Vitamin D Receptor Activation by Paricalcitol in Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Drug Targets Lithium - Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspects: The Current State of the Art
Current Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of Bioactive Peptides for in vivo Imaging and Therapy in Human Diseases
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Efficacy of Current Medications and Biomarkers in Hepatic Ischemia- Reperfusion Damage
The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Structure Prediction of Neuroendocrine Convertase -2: A Potential Target in Various Cancers
Protein & Peptide Letters Adult Neural Stem Cells: Response to Stroke Injury and Potential for Therapeutic Applications
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Prediction of Bioactive Compound Pathways Using Chemical Interaction and Structural Information
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening