Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5206
ISSN (Online): 1875-5992

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis about the Effect of Bisphosphonates on the Risk of Skeletal-Related Event in Men with Prostate Cancer

Author(s): Congcong Wu*, Hua Jiang and Jianghua Chen

Volume 20, Issue 13, 2020

Page: [1604 - 1612] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200521114815

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Although the adjuvant therapy of bisphosphonates in prostate cancer is effective in improving bone mineral density, it is still uncertain whether bisphosphonates could decrease the risk of Skeletal- Related Event (SRE) in patients with prostate cancer. We reviewed and analyzed the effect of different types of bisphosphonates on the risk of SRE, defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy to the bone, surgery to bone, hypercalcemia, bone pain, or death as a result of prostate cancer.

Methods: A systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed and related bibliographies. The emphasis during data extraction was laid on the Hazard Ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) from every eligible Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). HR was pooled with the fixed effects model, and preplanned subgroup analyses were performed.

Results: 5 RCTs (n = 4651) were included and analyzed finally after screening 51 articles. The meta-analysis of all participants showed no significant decrease in the risk of SRE when adding bisphosphonates to control group (HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679). There was no significant improvement on SRE neither in the subgroups with Metastases (M1) or Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (CSPC) (respectively HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679; HR = 0.954, 95% CI = 0.837 - 1.088, p = 0.484, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 3) p = 0.534).

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that bisphosphonates could not statistically significantly reduce the risk of SRE in patients with prostate cancer, neither in the subgroups with M1 or CSPC.

Keywords: Prostatic neoplasms, skeletal-related event, bisphosphonates, meta-analysis, prostate cancer, hazard ratio.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Ferlay, J.; Colombet, M.; Soerjomataram, I. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int. J. Cancer, 2019, 144(8), 1941-1953.
[PMID: 30350310]
[2]
Canadian Cancer Society; Prostate cancer statistics., Available at:. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/prostate/statistics/?region=sk2017.
[3]
Chen, W.; Zheng, R.; Zhang, S. Zeng, H.; Xia, C.; Zuo, T.; Yang, Z.; Zou, X.; He, J. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2013. Cancer Lett., 2017, 401, 63-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.024] [PMID: 28476483]
[4]
Sharifi, N.; Gulley, J.L.; Dahut, W.L. An update on androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Endocr. Relat. Cancer, 2010, 17(4), R305-R315.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/ERC-10-0187] [PMID: 20861285]
[5]
Taylor, L.G.; Canfield, S.E.; Du, X.L. Review of major adverse effects of androgen-deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer. Cancer, 2009, 115(11), 2388-2399.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24283] [PMID: 19399748]
[6]
Barry, M.J.; Delorenzo, M.A.; Walker-Corkery, E.S.; Lucas, F.L.; Wennberg, D.C. The rising prevalence of androgen deprivation among older American men since the advent of prostate-specific antigen testing: a population-based cohort study. BJU Int., 2006, 98(5), 973-978.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06416.x] [PMID: 16879443]
[7]
Denis, L.; Murphy, G.P. Overview of phase III trials on combined androgen treatment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer, 1993, 72(12)(Suppl.), 3888-3895.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19931215)72:12+<3888:AID-CNCR2820721726>3.0.CO;2-B] [PMID: 8252511]
[8]
de Bono, J.S.; Logothetis, C.J.; Molina, A. Fizazi, K.; North, S.; Chu, L.; Chi, K.N.; Jones, R.J.; Goodman, O.B., Jr; Saad, F.; Staffurth, J.N.; Mainwaring,P.; Harland, S.; Flaig, T.W.; Hutson, T.E.; Cheng, T.; Patterson, H.; Hainsworth, J.D.; Ryan, C.J.; Sternberg, C.N.; Ellard, S.L.; Fléchon, A.; Saleh, M.; Scholz, M.; Efstathiou, E.; Zivi, A.; Bianchini, D.; Loriot, Y.; Chieffo, N.; Kheoh, T.; Haqq, C.M.; Scher, H.ICOU-AA-301 Investigators. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 2011, 364(21), 1995-2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1014618] [PMID: 21612468]
[9]
Scher, H.I.; Fizazi, K.; Saad, F. ; Taplin, M.E.; Sternberg, C.N.; Miller, K.; de Wit, R.; Mulders, P.; Chi, K.N.; Shore, N.D.; Armstrong, A.J.; Flaig, T.W.; Fléchon, A.; Mainwaring, P.; Fleming, M.; Hainsworth, J.D.; Hirmand, M.; Selby, B.; Seely, L.; de Bono, JS AFFIRM Investigators. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N. Engl. J. Med., 2012, 367(13), 1187-1197.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1207506] [PMID: 22894553]
[10]
Tannock, I.F.; de Wit, R.; Berry, W. R.; Horti, J.; Pluzanska, A.; Chi, K.N.; Oudard, S.; Théodore,C.; James, N.D.; Turesson, I.; Rosenthal, M.A.; Eisenberger, M.A; TAX 327 Investigators. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 2004, 351(15), 1502-1512.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040720] [PMID: 15470213]
[11]
Petrylak, D.P, Tangen, C.M. Hussain, M.H.; Lara, P.N., Jr; Jones, J.A.; Taplin, M.E.; Burch, P.A.; Berry, D.; Moinpour, C.; Kohli, M.; Benson, M.C.; Small, E.J.; Raghavan, D.; Crawford, E.D. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 2004, 351(15), 1513-1520.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041318] [PMID: 15470214]
[12]
Shahinian, V.B.; Kuo, Y.F.; Freeman, J.L.; Goodwin, J.S. Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352(2), 154-164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041943] [PMID: 15647578]
[13]
Berruti, A.; Dogliotti, L. ; Terrone, C.; Cerutti, S.; Isaia, G.; Tarabuzzi, R.; Reimondo, G.; Mari, M.; Ardissone, P.; De Luca, S.; Fasolis, G.; Fontana, D.; Rossetti, S.R.; Angeli, A,. Gruppo Onco Urologico Piemontese (G.O.U.P.), Rete Oncologica Piemontese. Changes in bone mineral density, lean body mass and fat content as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in patients with prostate cancer without apparent bone metastases given androgen deprivation therapy. J. Urol., 2002, 167(6), 2361-2367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64985-3] [PMID: 11992038]
[14]
Krupski, T.L. Smith, M.R., Lee, W.C.; Pashos, C.L.; Brandman, J.; Wang, Q.; Botteman, M.; Litwin, M.S. Natural history of bone complications in men with prostate carcinoma initiating androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer, 2004, 101(3), 541-549.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20388] [PMID: 15274067]
[15]
Small, E.J.; Smith, M.R.; Seaman, J.J.; Petrone, S.; Kowalski, M.O. Combined analysis of two multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of pamidronate disodium for the palliation of bone pain in men with metastatic prostate cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 2003, 21(23), 4277-4284.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.05.147] [PMID: 14581438]
[16]
Rogers, M.J.; Gordon, S.; Benford, H. L.; Coxon, F.P.; Luckman, S.P.; Monkkonen, J.; Frith, J.C. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates. Cancer, 2000, 88(12)(Suppl.), 2961-2978.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88:12+<2961:AID-CNCR12>3.0.CO;2-L] [PMID: 10898340]
[17]
Body, J.J.; Bartl, R.; Burckhardt, P. Delmas, P.D.; Diel, I.J.; Fleisch, H.; Kanis, J.A.; Kyle, R.A.; Mundy, G.R.; Paterson, A.H.; Rubens, R.D; International Bone and Cancer Study Group. Current use of bisphosphonates in oncology. J. Clin. Oncol., 1998, 16(12), 3890-3899.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.12.3890] [PMID: 9850035]
[18]
Montague, R.; Hart, C.A.; George, N.J.; Ramani, V.A.; Brown, M.D.; Clarke, N.W. Differential inhibition of invasion and proliferation by bisphosphonates: Anti-metastatic potential of Zoledronic acid in prostate cancer. Eur. Urol., 2004, 46(3), 389-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2004.04.022] [PMID: 15306113]
[19]
Dearnaley, D.P.; Mason, M.D.; Parmar, M.K.; Sanders, K.; Sydes, M.R. Adjuvant therapy with oral sodium clodronate in locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: Long-term overall survival results from the MRC PR04 and PR05 randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol., 2009, 10(9), 872-876.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70201-3] [PMID: 19674936]
[20]
Wu, C.; Chen, W.; Huang, X.; Lin, R.; Wu, J.; Zhang, X. Effect of diphosphonates on bone mineral density in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer, 2018, 16(6), e1243-e1250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.016] [PMID: 30146230]
[21]
Kamba, T. ; Kamoto, T.; Maruo, S.; Kikuchi, T.; Shimizu, Y.; Namiki, S.; Fujimoto, K.; Kawanishi, H.; Sato, F.; Narita, S.; Satoh, T.; Saito, H.; Sugimoto, M.; Teishima, J.; Masumori, N.; Egawa, S.; Sakai, H.; Okada, Y.; Terachi, T.; Ogawa, O ZAPCA Study Group. A phase III multicenter, randomized, controlled study of combined androgen blockade with versus without zoledronic acid in prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone disease: Results of the ZAPCA trial. Int. J. Clin. Oncol., 2017, 22(1), 166-173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-016-1037-2] [PMID: 27614621]
[22]
James, N.D.; Pirrie, S.J.; Pope, A. M.; Barton, D.; Andronis, L.; Goranitis, I.; Collins, S.; Daunton, A.; McLaren, D.; O’Sullivan, J.; Parker, C.; Porfiri, E.; Staffurth, J.; Stanley, A.; Wylie, J.; Beesley, S.; Birtle, A.; Brown, J.; Chakraborti, P.; Hussain, S.; Russell, M.; Billingham, L.. Clinical outcomes and survival following treatment of metastatic castrate-refractory prostate cancer With docetaxel alone or with strontium-89, zoledronic acid, or both: The TRAPEZE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol., 2016, 2(4), 493-499.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.5570] [PMID: 26794729]
[23]
James, N.D.; Sydes, M.R.; Clarke, N. W.; Mason, M.D.; Dearnaley, D.P.; Spears, M.R.; Ritchie, A.W.; Parker, C.C.; Russell, J.M.; Attard, G.; de Bono, J.; Cross, W.; Jones, R.J.; Thalmann, G.; Amos, C.; Matheson, D.; Millman, R.; Alzouebi, M.; Beesley, S.; Birtle, A.J.; Brock, S.; Cathomas, R.; Chakraborti, P.; Chowdhury, S.; Cook, A.; Elliott, T.; Gale, J.; Gibbs, S.; Graham, J.D.; Hetherington, J.; Hughes, R.; Laing, R.; McKinna, F.; McLaren, D.B.; O’Sullivan, J.M.; Parikh, O.; Peedell, C.; Protheroe, A.; Robinson, A.J.; Srihari, N.; Srinivasan, R.; Staffurth, J.; Sundar, S.; Tolan, S.; Tsang, D.; Wagstaff, J.; Parmar, M.K STAMPEDE investigators. Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): Survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2016, 387(10024), 1163-1177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01037-5] [PMID: 26719232]
[24]
Smith, M.R.; Halabi, S.; Ryan, C. J.; Hussain, A.; Vogelzang, N.; Stadler, W.; Hauke, R.J.; Monk, J.P.; Saylor, P.; Bhoopalam, N.; Saad, F.; Sanford, B.; Kelly, W.K.; Morris, M.; Small, E.J. Randomized controlled trial of early zoledronic acid in men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer and bone metastases: Results of CALGB 90202 (alliance). J. Clin. Oncol., 2014, 32(11), 1143-1150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.51.6500] [PMID: 24590644]
[25]
Ueno, S.; Mizokami, A.; Fukagai, T. Fujimoto, N.; Oh-Oka, H.; Kondo, Y.; Arai, G.; Ide, H.; Horie, S.; Ueki, O.; Kawaguchi, K.; Shimamura, M.; Orito, M.; Ishida, T.; Ikeda, D.; Namiki, M. Efficacy of combined androgen blockade with zoledronic acid treatment in prostate cancer with bone metastasis: the ZABTON-PC (Zoledronic Acid/Androgen Blockade Trial on Prostate Cancer) study. Anticancer Res., 2013, 33(9), 3837-3844.
[PMID: 24023317]
[26]
Saad, F.; Eastham, J. Zoledronic acid improves clinical outcomes when administered before onset of bone pain in patients with prostate cancer. Urology, 2010, 76(5), 1175-1181.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2010.05.026] [PMID: 21056263]
[27]
Saad, F.; Chen, Y.M.; Gleason, D.M.; Chin, J. Continuing benefit of zoledronic acid in preventing skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer, 2007, 5(6), 390-396.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/CGC.2007.n.022] [PMID: 17956712]
[28]
Saad, F. Clinical benefit of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in advanced prostate cancer. Clin. Prostate Cancer, 2005, 4(1), 31-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/CGC.2005.n.009] [PMID: 15992459]
[29]
Saad, F.; Gleason, D.M.; Murray, R. Tchekmedyian, S.; Venner, P.; Lacombe, L.; Chin, J.L.; Vinholes, J.J.; Goas, J.A.; Zheng, M. Zoledronic Acid Prostate Cancer Study Group. Long-term efficacy of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2004, 96(11), 879-882.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh141] [PMID: 15173273]
[30]
Saad, F.; Gleason, D.M.; Murray, R. Tchekmedyian, S.; Venner, P.; Lacombe, L.; Chin, J.L.; Vinholes, J.J.; Goas, J.A.; Chen, B. Zoledronic Acid Prostate Cancer Study Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2002, 94(19), 1458-1468.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/94.19.1458] [PMID: 12359855]
[31]
Berenson, J.R.; Lichtenstein, A.; Porter, L. Dimopoulos, M.A.; Bordoni, R.; George, S.; Lipton, A.; Keller, A.; Ballester, O.; Kovacs, M.J.; Blacklock, H.A.; Bell, R.; Simeone, J.; Reitsma, D.J.; Heffernan, M.; Seaman, J.; Knight, R.D, Myeloma Aredia Study Group. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. N. Engl. J. Med., 1996, 334(8), 488-493.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199602223340802] [PMID: 8559201]
[32]
Berenson, J.R.; Lichtenstein, A.; Porter, L. Dimopoulos, M.A.; Bordoni, R.; George, S.; Lipton, A.; Keller, A.; Ballester, O.; Kovacs, M.; Blacklock, H.; Bell, R.; Simeone, J.F.; Reitsma, D.J.; Heffernan, M.; Seaman, J.; Knight, R.D Myeloma Aredia Study Group. Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. J. Clin. Oncol., 1998, 16(2), 593-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.593] [PMID: 9469347]
[33]
Hortobagyi, G.N.; Theriault, R.L.; Porter, L. Blayney, D.; Lipton, A.; Sinoff, C.; Wheeler, H.; Simeone, J.F.; Seaman, J.; Knight, R.D,. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and lytic bone metastases. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med., 1996, 335(24), 1785-1791.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199612123352401] [PMID: 8965890]
[34]
Hortobagyi, G.N.; Theriault, R.L.; Lipton, A.; Porter, L. .; Blayney, D.; Sinoff, C.; Wheeler, H.; Simeone, J.F.; Seaman, J.J; Knight, R.D, Heffernan, M.; Mellars, K.; Reitsma, D.J. Long-term prevention of skeletal complications of metastatic breast cancer with pamidronate. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol., 1998, 16(6), 2038-2044.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.6.2038] [PMID: 9626201]
[35]
Lipton, A.; Theriault, R.L.; Hortobagyi, G. N.; Simeone, J.; Knight, R.D.; Mellars, K.; Reitsma, D.J.; Heffernan, M.; Seaman, J.J. Pamidronate prevents skeletal complications and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases: Long term follow-up of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer, 2000, 88(5), 1082-1090.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000301)88:5<1082:AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-Z] [PMID: 10699899]
[36]
Theriault, R.L.; Lipton, A.; Hortobagyi, G. N.; Leff, R.; Glück, S.; Stewart, J.F.; Costello, S.; Kennedy, I.; Simeone, J.; Seaman, J.J.; Knight, R.D.; Mellars, K.; Heffernan, M.; Reitsma, D.J. Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol., 1999, 17(3), 846-854.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.3.846] [PMID: 10071275]
[37]
Winter, M.C.; Holen, I.; Coleman, R.E. Exploring the anti-tumour activity of bisphosphonates in early breast cancer. Cancer Treat. Rev., 2008, 34(5), 453-475.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.02.004] [PMID: 18423992]
[38]
Coleman, R.E. Adjuvant bisphosphonates in breast cancer: Are we witnessing the emergence of a new therapeutic strategy? Eur. J. Cancer, 2009, 45(11), 1909-1915.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.022] [PMID: 19447606]
[39]
Brown, J.E.; Neville-Webbe, H.; Coleman, R.E. The role of bisphosphonates in breast and prostate cancers. Endocr. Relat. Cancer, 2004, 11(2), 207-224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0110207] [PMID: 15163299]
[40]
Fizazi, K.; Carducci, M.; Smith, M. Damião, R.; Brown, J.; Karsh, L.; Milecki, P.; Shore, N.; Rader, M.; Wang, H.; Jiang, Q.; Tadros,S.; Dansey, R.; Goessl, C,. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study. Lancet, 2011, 377(9768), 813-822.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62344-6] [PMID: 21353695]
[41]
Smith, M.R.; Morton, R.A.; Barnette, K. .G.; Sieber, P.R.; Malkowicz, S.B.; Rodriguez, D.; Hancock, M.L.; Steiner, M.S.. Toremifene to reduce fracture risk in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J. Urol., 2013, 189(1)(Suppl.), S45-S50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.016] [PMID: 23234631]
[42]
Bolger, J.J.; Dearnaley, D.P.; Kirk, D. Lewington, V.J.; Mason, M.D.; Quilty, P.M.; Reed, N.S.; Russell, J.M.; Yardley, J UK Metastron Investigators Group. Strontium-89 (Metastron) versus external beam radiotherapy in patients with painful bone metastases secondary to prostatic cancer: Preliminary report of a multicenter trial. Semin. Oncol., 1993, 20(3)(Suppl. 2), 32-33.
[PMID: 7684863]
[43]
Autio, K.A.; Pandit-Taskar, N.; Carrasquillo, J. A.; Stephenson, R.D.; Slovin, S.F.; Rathkopf, D.E.; Hong, C.; Heller, G.; Scher, H.I.; Larson, S.M.; Morris, M.J. Repetitively dosed docetaxel and 153samarium-EDTMP as an antitumor strategy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer, 2013, 119(17), 3186-3194.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28103] [PMID: 23765638]
[44]
Parker, C.; Nilsson, S.; Heinrich, D. Helle, S.I.; O’Sullivan, J.M.; Fosså, S.D.; Chodacki, A.; Wiechno, P.; Logue, J.; Seke, M.; Widmark, A.; Johannessen, D.C.; Hoskin, P.; Bottomley, D.; James, N.D.; Solberg, A.; Syndikus, I.; Kliment, J.; Wedel, S.; Boehmer, S.; Dall’Oglio, M.; Franzén, L.; Coleman, R.; Vogelzang, N.J.; O’Bryan-Tear, C.G.; Staudacher, K.; Garcia-Vargas, J.; Shan, M.; Bruland, Ø.S.; Sartor, O, ALSYMPCA Investigators. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 2013, 369(3), 213-223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1213755] [PMID: 23863050]
[45]
Poon, Y.; Pechlivanoglou, P.; Alibhai, S. M.H.; Naimark, D.; Hoch, J.S.; Papadimitropoulos, E.; Hogan, M.E.; Krahn, M. Systematic review and network meta-analysis on the relative efficacy of osteoporotic medications: Men with prostate cancer on continuous androgen-deprivation therapy to reduce risk of fragility fractures. BJU Int., 2018, 121(1), 17-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.14015] [PMID: 28921820]
[46]
DePuy, V.; Anstrom, K.J.; Castel, L.D.; Schulman, K.A.; Weinfurt, K.P.; Saad, F. Effects of skeletal morbidities on longitudinal patient-reported outcomes and survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Support. Care Cancer, 2007, 15(7), 869-876.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-006-0203-x] [PMID: 17262196]
[47]
Ullén, A.; Lennartsson, L.; Harmenberg, U. Hjelm-Eriksson, M.; Kälkner, K.M.; Lennernäs, B.; Nilsson, S. Additive/synergistic antitumoral effects on prostate cancer cells in vitro following treatment with a combination of docetaxel and zoledronic acid. Acta Oncol., 2005, 44(6), 644-650.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841860510029617] [PMID: 16165924]
[48]
Vale, C.L.; Burdett, S.; Rydzewska, L. .H.M.; Albiges, L.; Clarke, N.W.; Fisher, D.; Fizazi, K.; Gravis, G.; James, N.D.; Mason, M.D.; Parmar, M.K.B.; Sweeney, C.J.; Sydes, M.R.; Tombal, B.; Tierney, J.F STOpCaP Steering Group. Addition of docetaxel or bisphosphonates to standard of care in men with localised or metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analyses of aggregate data. Lancet Oncol., 2016, 17(2), 243-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00489-1] [PMID: 26718929]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
41
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy