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Medicinal Chemistry

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Research Article

Curcumin-based Antioxidant and Glycohydrolase Inhibitor Compounds: Synthesis and In Vitro Appraisal of the Dual Activity Against Diabetes

Author(s): Sajjad Esmaeili, Nazanin Ghobadi, Donya Nazari, Alireza Pourhossein, Hassan Rasouli, Hadi Adibi* and Reza Khodarahmi*

Volume 17, Issue 7, 2021

Published on: 06 May, 2020

Page: [677 - 698] Pages: 22

DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200506083718

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure features as an enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors.

Objective: The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia.

Methods: Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity were done to appraise the antioxidant potential of these compounds in vitro.

Results: Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8 exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio).

Conclusion: These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.

Keywords: Curcumin derivatives, diabetes, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, α-amylase, α-glucosidase.

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Graphical Abstract

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