Abstract
AbstractPeptidomimetic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) analogs, which bind to glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa on the surface of activated platelets, have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation. Consequently, such RGD analogs can be used for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. However, the low oral bioavailability for this class of compounds has been hindering their clinical development. Although many factors affect the oral activity of a drug, the limited membrane permeability of RGD analogs due to charge and high polarity is thought to be a major factor leading to the low oral activity of such compounds. Another factor is the metabolic lability of some such RGD analogs in the presence of proteases and peptidases. During the last 5 years, major progress has been made in the development of orally active RGD analogs. To improve the metabolic stability of RGD analogs, N-alkylation and C-terminal modification methods have been used successfully. To improve the membrane permeability of RGD analogs, two major strategies have been used. The first one is the strategy of prodrug. Along this line, simple ester prodrugs, double prodrugs, triple prodrugs, and cyclic prodrugs have been prepared with improved membrane permeability and oral activity. The second approach used is the de novo design of centrally constrained RGD analogs with improved oral bioavailability while maintaining the desired potency against GP IIb/IIIa. The lessons learned from the modification of RGD analogs could also help the future design of other peptidomimetic drugs with improved oral bioavailability.
Keywords: peptidomimetic RGD Analogs, occlusive thrombotic process, antiplatelet aggregation, amidoxime ester, N terminal aryl piperazine, carbamoyl ethyl, coumarin bassed cyclic, carbamoyl prodrug strategy, phenol ester bond, amide bonds, peptidase mediated hydrolysis, C terminal modification, de novo design, coumarin based cyclic prodrug system
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Orally Active Peptidomimetic RGD Analogs that are Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists
Volume: 7 Issue: 4
Author(s): W. Wang, R. T. Borchardt and B. Wang
Affiliation:
Keywords: peptidomimetic RGD Analogs, occlusive thrombotic process, antiplatelet aggregation, amidoxime ester, N terminal aryl piperazine, carbamoyl ethyl, coumarin bassed cyclic, carbamoyl prodrug strategy, phenol ester bond, amide bonds, peptidase mediated hydrolysis, C terminal modification, de novo design, coumarin based cyclic prodrug system
Abstract: AbstractPeptidomimetic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) analogs, which bind to glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa on the surface of activated platelets, have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation. Consequently, such RGD analogs can be used for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. However, the low oral bioavailability for this class of compounds has been hindering their clinical development. Although many factors affect the oral activity of a drug, the limited membrane permeability of RGD analogs due to charge and high polarity is thought to be a major factor leading to the low oral activity of such compounds. Another factor is the metabolic lability of some such RGD analogs in the presence of proteases and peptidases. During the last 5 years, major progress has been made in the development of orally active RGD analogs. To improve the metabolic stability of RGD analogs, N-alkylation and C-terminal modification methods have been used successfully. To improve the membrane permeability of RGD analogs, two major strategies have been used. The first one is the strategy of prodrug. Along this line, simple ester prodrugs, double prodrugs, triple prodrugs, and cyclic prodrugs have been prepared with improved membrane permeability and oral activity. The second approach used is the de novo design of centrally constrained RGD analogs with improved oral bioavailability while maintaining the desired potency against GP IIb/IIIa. The lessons learned from the modification of RGD analogs could also help the future design of other peptidomimetic drugs with improved oral bioavailability.
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Cite this article as:
Wang W., Borchardt T. R. and Wang B., Orally Active Peptidomimetic RGD Analogs that are Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2000; 7 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867003375074
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867003375074 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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