Login Register Cart 0
Review Article

天然精神活性药物对中枢神经系统疾病的治疗潜力:多药理学的视角

卷 28, 期 1, 2021

发表于: 12 December, 2019

页: [53 - 68] 页: 16

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867326666191212103330

价格: $65

摘要

在药物开发中，高选择性配体的形成在中枢神经系统疾病的治疗中一直不成功。多靶标配体，来自于多药理学范式，正被提议用于治疗这些复杂的疾病，因为它们提供了增强的疗效和强大的安全性。天然产物是多靶标化合物的最佳例子，因此在这一范式中具有很高的价值。此外，最近对自然来源的精神活性药物，如死藤水和大麻的研究表明，在治疗一些精神和神经疾病方面有很好的治疗潜力。在本文中，我们以死藤水和大麻的研究为例，描述精神活性药物的研究如何有效地与多元药理学范式结合。并对其优缺点进行了讨论。

关键词: 多元药理学，多靶点，精神活性，死藤水，大麻，植物，治疗。

« Previous Next »
[1]
Vigo, D.; Thornicroft, G.; Atun, R. Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry, 2016, 3(2), 171-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00505-2] [PMID: 26851330]
[2]
Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) Clinical development success rates 2006-2015. Available at. https://www.bio.org/sites/default/filesClinical%20Development%20Success%20Rates%202006-2015%20-%20BIO%20Biomedtracker,%20Amplion%202016.pdf (Accessdate: 7 August2019.
[3]
van Gerven, J.; Cohen, A. Vanishing clinical psychopharmacology. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2011, 72(1), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04021.x] [PMID: 21651614]
[4]
Horrobin, D.F. A new category of psychotropic drugs: neuroactive lipids as exemplified by ethyl eicosapentaenoate (E-E). Prog. Drug Res., 2002, 59, 171-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8171-5_6] [PMID: 12458967]
[5]
Insel, T.R. Disruptive insights in psychiatry: transforming a clinical discipline. J. Clin. Invest., 2009, 119(4), 700-705.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI38832] [PMID: 19339761]
[6]
Hyman, S.E. Revolution stalled. Sci. Transl. Med., 2012, 4(155)155cm11
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003142] [PMID: 23052291]
[7]
Athauda, D.; Foltynie, T. The ongoing pursuit of neuroprotective therapies in Parkinson disease. Nat. Rev. Neurol., 2015, 11(1), 25-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.226] [PMID: 25447485]
[8]
Yiannopoulou, K.G.; Papageorgiou, S.G. Current and future treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disorder., 2013, 6(1), 19-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756285612461679] [PMID: 23277790]
[9]
Médicaments de la maladie d'Alzheimer: enfin non remboursables en France! Rev. Prescrire, 2018, 38(416).Available at:. https://english.prescrire.org/en/81/168/55126/0/ NewsDetails.aspx (Access date: 7 August, 2019.
[10]
Treede, R.D.; Rief, W.; Barke, A.; Aziz, Q.; Bennett, M.I.; Benoliel, R.; Cohen, M.; Evers, S.; Finnerup, N.B.; First, M.B.; Giamberardino, M.A.; Kaasa, S.; Kosek, E. Lavandʼhomme, P.; Nicholas, M.; Perrot, S.; Scholz, J.; Schug, S.; Smith, B.H.; Svensson, P.; Vlaeyen, J.W.; Wang, S.J. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain, 2015, 156(6), 1003-1007.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160] [PMID: 25844555]
[11]
Gilron, I.; Baron, R.; Jensen, T. Neuropathic pain: principles of diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc., 2015, 90(4), 532-545.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.018] [PMID: 25841257]
[12]
Vanderah, T.W. Delta and kappa opioid receptors as suitable drug targets for pain. Clin. J. Pain, 2010, 26(10)(Suppl. 10), S10-S15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181c49e3a] [PMID: 20026960]
[13]
Merlos, M.; Romero, L.; Zamanillo, D.; Plata-Salamán, C.; Vela, J.M. Sigma-1 receptor and pain. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 2017, 244, 131-161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2017_9] [PMID: 28275913 ]
[14]
Dos Santos, R.G.; Bouso, J.C.; Alcázar-Córcoles, M.Á.; Hallak, J.E.C. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol., 2018, 11(9), 889-902.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2018.1511424] [PMID: 30102078]
[15]
Horrobin, D.F. Modern biomedical research: an internally self-consistent universe with little contact with medical reality? Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2003, 2(2), 151-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1012] [PMID: 12563306]
[16]
Hopkins, A.L. Network pharmacology: the next paradigm in drug discovery. Nat. Chem. Biol., 2008, 4(11), 682-690.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.118] [PMID: 18936753]
[17]
Hughes, J.P.; Rees, S.; Kalindjian, S.B.; Philpott, K.L. Principles of early drug discovery. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 162(6), 1239-1249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01127.x] [PMID: 21091654]
[18]
Roth, B.L.; Sheffler, D.J.; Kroeze, W.K. Magic shotguns versus magic bullets: selectively non-selective drugs for mood disorders and schizophrenia. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2004, 3(4), 353-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/dx.doi.or g/10.1038/nrd1346] [PMID: 15060530]
[19]
Viayna, E.; Sola, I.; Di Pietro, O.; Muñoz-Torrero, D. Human disease and drug pharmacology, complex as real life. Curr. Med. Chem., 2013, 20(13), 1623-1634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320130002] [PMID: 23410162]
[20]
Escott-Price, V.; Nalls, M.A.; Morris, H.R.; Lubbe, S.; Brice, A.; Gasser, T.; Heutink, P.; Wood, N.W. H ardy, J.; Singleton, A.B.; Williams, N.M. International Parkinson’s disease genomics consortium; IPDGC consortium members. Polygenic risk of Parkinson disease is correlated with disease age at onset. Ann. Neurol., 2015, 77(4), 582-591.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.24335] [PMID: 25773351]
[21]
Hagenaars, S.P.; Radaković, R.; Crockford, C.; Fawns-Ritchie, C.; Harris, S.E.; Gale, C.R.; Deary, I.J. International FTD-genomics consortium (IFGC). Genetic risk for neurodegenerative disorders, and its overlap with cognitive ability and physical function. PLoS One, 2018, 13(6)e0198187
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198187] [PMID: 29856801]
[22]
Purcell, S.M.; Wray, N.R.; Stone, J.L.; Visscher, P.M.; O’Donovan, M.C.; Sullivan, P.F.; Sklar, P. International Schizophrenia consortium. Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature, 2009, 460(7256), 748-752.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08185] [PMID: 19571811]
[23]
Chadman, K.K.; Yang, M.; Crawley, J.N. Criteria for validating mouse models of psychiatric diseases. Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 2009, 150B(1), 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30777] [PMID: 18484083]
[24]
Cryan, J.F.; Slattery, D.A. Animal models of mood disorders: recent developments. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2007, 20(1), 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3280117733] [PMID: 17143074]
[25]
Setola, V.; Roth, B.L. Why mice are neither miniature humans nor small rats: a cautionary tale involving 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 serotonin receptor species variants. Mol. Pharmacol., 2003, 64(6), 1277-1278.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.64.6.1277] [PMID: 14645656]
[26]
Bolognesi, M.L. Polypharmacology in a single drug: multitarget drugs. Curr. Med. Chem., 2013, 20(13), 1639-1645.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320130004] [PMID: 23410164]
[27]
Csermely, P.; Agoston, V.; Pongor, S. The efficiency of multi-target drugs: the network approach might help drug design. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2005, 26(4), 178-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2005.02.007] [PMID: 15808341]
[28]
Tang, J.; Aittokallio, T. Network pharmacology strategies toward multi-target anticancer therapies: from computational models to experimental design principles. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2014, 20(1), 23-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990470] [PMID: 23530504]
[29]
Agoston, V.; Csermely, P.; Pongor, S. Multiple weak hits confuse complex systems: a transcriptional regulatory network as an example. Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys., 2005, 71(5 Pt 1)051909
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.051909] [PMID: 16089573]
[30]
Anighoro, A.; Bajorath, J.; Rastelli, G. Polypharmacology: challenges and opportunities in drug discovery. J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57(19), 7874-7887.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm5006463] [PMID: 24946140]
[31]
Yildirim, M.A.; Goh, K.I.; Cusick, M.E.; Barabási, A.L.; Vidal, M. Drug-target network. Nat. Biotechnol., 2007, 25(10), 1119-1126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1338] [PMID: 17921997]
[32]
Jalencas, X.; Mestres, J. On the origins of drug polypharmacology. MedChemComm, 2012, 4(1), 80-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2MD20242E]
[33]
Hu, Y.; Bajorath, J. High-resolution view of compound promiscuity. F1000 Res., 2013, 2, 144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-144.v1] [PMID: 24358872]
[34]
Lu, J.J.; Pan, W.; Hu, Y.J.; Wang, Y.T. Multi-target drugs: the trend of drug research and development. PLoS One, 2012, 7(6)e40262
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040262] [PMID: 22768266]
[35]
Straube, A.; Aicher, B.; Fiebich, B.L.; Haag, G. Combined analgesics in (headache) pain therapy: shotgun approach or precise multi-target therapeutics? BMC Neurol., 2011, 11, 43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-11-43] [PMID: 21453539]
[36]
Talevi, A. Multi-target pharmacology: possibilities and limitations of the “skeleton key approach” from a medicinal chemist perspective. Front. Pharmacol., 2015, 6, 205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00205] [PMID: 26441661]
[37]
Aixalà, M.; Ona, G.; Parés, Ò.; Bouso, J.C. Patterns of use, desired effects, and mental health status of a sample of natural psychoactive drug users. Drugs Educ. Prev. Policy, 2019, 27(3), 191-198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2019.1611739]
[38]
Iserson, K.V. “Go Ask Alice”: The case for researching Schedule I drugs. Camb. Q. Healthc. Ethics, 2019, 28(1), 168-177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0963180118000518] [PMID: 30570473]
[39]
Kyzar, E.J.; Nichols, C.D.; Gainetdinov, R.R.; Nichols, D.E.; Kalueff, A.V. Psychedelic drugs in biomedicine. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2017, 38(11), 992-1005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.003] [PMID: 28947075]
[40]
Mithoefer, M.C.; Grob, C.S.; Brewerton, T.D. Novel psychopharmacological therapies for psychiatric disorders: psilocybin and MDMA. Lancet Psychiatry, 2016, 3(5), 481-488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00576-3] [PMID: 27067625]
[41]
Ona, G.; Bouso, J.C. Can psychedelics be the treatment for the crisis in psychopharmacology?; Preprints, 2019, p. 2019010249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints201901.0249.v1 ]
[42]
Berthoux, C.; Barre, A.; Bockaert, J.; Marin, P.; Bécamel, C. Sustained activation of postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptors gates plasticity at prefrontal cortex synapses. Cereb. Cortex, 2019, 29(4), 1659-1669.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy064] [PMID: 29917056]
[43]
Ly, C.; Greb, A.C.; Cameron, L.P.; Wong, J.M.; Barragan, E.V.; Wilson, P.C.; Burbach, K.F.; Soltanzadeh Zarandi, S.; Sood, A.; Paddy, M.R.; Duim, W.C.; Dennis, M.Y.; McAllister, A.K.; Ori-McKenney, K.M.; Gray, J.A.; Olson, D.E. Olson, D.E. Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity. Cell Rep., 2018, 23(11), 3170-3182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022] [PMID: 29898390]
[44]
Bouso, J.C.; Palhano-Fontes, F.; Rodríguez-Fornells, A.; Ribeiro, S.; Sanches, R.; Crippa, J.A.; Hallak, J.E.C.; de Araujo, D.B.; Riba, J. Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in brain structure and personality in humans. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2015, 25(4), 483-492.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.01.008] [PMID: 25637267]
[45]
Apud, I.; Romaní, O. Medicine, religion and ayahuasca in Catalonia. Considering ayahuasca networks from a medical anthropology perspective. Int. J. Drug Policy, 2017, 39, 28-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.07.011] [PMID: 27768991]
[46]
Calvey, T.; Howells, F.M. An introduction to psychedelic neuroscience.. Prog. Brain Res; , 2018, 242, pp. 1-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.013] [PMID: 30471677]
[47]
Schindler, E.A.D.; Wallace, R.M.; Sloshower, J.A.; D’Souza, D.C. Neuroendocrine associations underlying the persistent therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics. Front. Pharmacol., 2018, 9, 177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00177] [PMID: 29545753]
[48]
Chu, M.; Chen, X.; Wang, J.; Guo, L.; Wang, Q.; Gao, Z.; Kang, J.; Zhang, M.; Feng, J.; Guo, Q.; Li, B.; Zhang, C.; Guo, X.; Chu, Z.; Wang, Y. Polypharmacology of berberine based on multi-target binding motifs. Front. Pharmacol., 2018, 9, 801.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00801] [PMID: 30087614]
[49]
Gonçalves, P.B.; Romeiro, N.C. Multi-target natural products as alternatives against oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2019, 163, 911-931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.020] [PMID: 30612088]
[50]
Koeberle, A.; Werz, O. Multi-target approach for natural products in inflammation. Drug Discov. Today, 2014, 19(12), 1871-1882.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2014.08.006] [PMID: 25172801]
[51]
Ganesan, A. The impact of natural products upon modern drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2008, 12(3), 306-317.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.03.016] [PMID: 18423384]
[52]
Rishton, G.M. Natural products as a robust source of new drugs and drug leads: past successes and present day issues. Am. J. Cardiol., 2008, 101(10A), 43D-49D.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.007] [PMID: 18474274]
[53]
Harvey, A.L. Natural products in drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 2008, 13(19-20), 894-901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2008.07.004] [PMID: 18691670]
[54]
Esatbeyoglu, T.; Huebbe, P.; Ernst, I.M.; Chin, D.; Wagner, A.E.; Rimbach, G. Curcumin--from molecule to biological function. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2012, 51(22), 5308-5332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201107724] [PMID: 22566109]
[55]
Hsiao, W.L.; Liu, L. The role of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in cancer therapy--from TCM theory to mechanistic insights. Planta Med., 2010, 76(11), 1118-1131.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250186] [PMID: 20635308]
[56]
Tasneem, S.; Liu, B.; Li, B.; Choudhary, M.I.; Wang, W. Molecular pharmacology of inflammation: Medicinal plants as anti-inflammatory agents. Pharmacol. Res., 2019, 139, 126-140.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.001] [PMID: 30395947]
[57]
Deng, Y.H.; Wang, N.N.; Zou, Z.X.; Zhang, L.; Xu, K.P.; Chen, A.F.; Cao, D.S.; Tan, G.S. Multi-target screening and experimental validation of natural products from Selaginella plants against Alzheimer’s disease. Front. Pharmacol., 2017, 8, 539.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00539] [PMID: 28890698]
[58]
Kim, J.; Lee, H.J.; Lee, K.W. Naturally occurring phytochemicals for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neurochem., 2010, 112(6), 1415-1430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06562.x] [PMID: 20050972]
[59]
Shan, C.S.; Zhang, H.F.; Xu, Q.Q.; Shi, Y.H.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Lin, Y.; Zheng, G.Q. Herbal medicine formulas for Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials. Front. Aging Neurosci., 2018, 10, 349.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00349] [PMID: 30467472]
[60]
Russo, M.; Spagnuolo, C.; Tedesco, I.; Bilotto, S.; Russo, G.L. The flavonoid quercetin in disease prevention and therapy: facts and fancies. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2012, 83(1), 6-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.010] [PMID: 21856292]
[61]
Singh, B.N.; Shankar, S.; Srivastava, R.K. Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2011, 82(12), 1807-1821.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.093] [PMID: 21827739]
[62]
Domínguez-Clavé, E.; Soler, J.; Elices, M.; Pascual, J.C.; Álvarez, E.; de la Fuente Revenga, M.; Friedlander, P.; Feilding, A.; Riba, J. Ayahuasca: Pharmacology, neuroscience and therapeutic potential. Brain Res. Bull., 2016, 126(Pt 1), 89-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.002] [PMID: 26976063]
[63]
Nichols, D.E. Psychedelics. Pharmacol. Rev., 2016, 68(2), 264-355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011478] [PMID: 26841800]
[64]
Santos, M.C.; Navickiene, S.; Gaujac, A. Determination of tryptamines and β-carbolines in ayahuasca beverage consumed during Brazilian religious ceremonies. J. AOAC Int., 2017, 100(3), 820-824.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0337] [PMID: 28105971]
[65]
Robinson, E.S.; Anderson, N.J.; Crosby, J.; Nutt, D.J.; Hudson, A.L. Endogenous beta-carbolines as clonidine-displacing substances. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2003, 1009, 157-166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1304.018] [PMID: 15028582]
[66]
Herraiz, T.; González, D.; Ancín-Azpilicueta, C.; Arán, V.J.; Guillén, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO). Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48(3), 839-845.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019] [PMID: 20036304]
[67]
Cao, R.; Peng, W.; Wang, Z.; Xu, A. beta-Carboline alkaloids: biochemical and pharmacological functions. Curr. Med. Chem., 2007, 14(4), 479-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707779940998] [PMID: 17305548]
[68]
Moura, D.J.; Richter, M.F.; Boeira, J.M.; Pêgas Henriques, J.A.; Saffi, J. Antioxidant properties of beta-carboline alkaloids are related to their antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activities. Mutagenesis, 2007, 22(4), 293-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gem016] [PMID: 17545209]
[69]
Riba, J.; Valle, M.; Urbano, G.; Yritia, M.; Morte, A.; Barbanoj, M.J. Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2003, 306(1), 73-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.049882]] [PMID: 12660312]
[70]
Nasehi, M.; Piri, M.; Nouri, M.; Farzin, D.; Nayer-Nouri, T.; Zarrindast, M.R. Involvement of dopamine D1/D2 receptors on harmane-induced amnesia in the step-down passive avoidance test. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 634(1-3), 77-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.027] [PMID: 20188725]
[71]
Glennon, R.A.; Dukat, M.; Grella, B.; Hong, S.; Costantino, L.; Teitler, M.; Smith, C.; Egan, C.; Davis, K.; Mattson, M.V. Binding of beta-carbolines and related agents at serotonin (5-HT(2) and 5-HT(1A)), dopamine (D(2)) and benzodiazepine receptors. Drug Alcohol Depend., 2000, 60(2), 121-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00148-9] [PMID: 10940539]
[72]
Husbands, S.M.; Glennon, R.A.; Gorgerat, S.; Gough, R.; Tyacke, R.; Crosby, J.; Nutt, D.J.; Lewis, J.W.; Hudson, A.L. beta-carboline binding to imidazoline receptors. Drug Alcohol Depend., 2001, 64(2), 203-208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00123-5] [PMID: 11543990]
[73]
Farouk, L.; Laroubi, A.; Aboufatima, R.; Benharref, A.; Chait, A. Evaluation of the analgesic effect of alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala L.: possible mechanisms involved. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 115(3), 449-454.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.014] [PMID: 18054186]
[74]
Akhtar, M.S.; Iqbal, Z.; Khan, M.N.; Lateef, M. Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants with particular reference to their use in animals in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Small Rumin. Res., 2010, 38(2), 99-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00163-2]
[75]
Moloudizargari, M.; Mikaili, P.; Aghajanshakeri, S.; Asghari, M.H.; Shayegh, J. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacogn. Rev., 2013, 7(14), 199-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.120524] [PMID: 24347928]
[76]
Beringer, K. Ueber ein neues, auf das extrapyramidalmotorische System wirkendes Alkaloid (Banisterin). Nervenarzt, 1928, 1, 265-275.
[77]
Lewin, L. Sur une substance enivrante, la banistérine, extraite de Banisteria Caapi. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 1928, 186, 469-471.
[78]
Djamshidian, A.; Bernschneider-Reif, S.; Poewe, W.; Lees, A.J. Banisteriopsis caapi, a forgotten potential therapy for Parkinson’s disease? Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. (Hoboken), 2015, 3(1), 19-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12242] [PMID: 30713897]
[79]
Fisher, R.; Lincoln, L.; Jackson, M.J.; Abbate, V.; Jenner, P.; Hider, R.; Lees, A.; Rose, S. The effect of Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi) on the motor deficits in the MPTP-treated common marmoset model of Parkinson’s disease. Phytother. Res., 2018, 32(4), 678-687.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6017] [PMID: 29368409]
[80]
Morales-García, J.A.; de la Fuente Revenga, M.; Alonso-Gil, S.; Rodríguez-Franco, M.I.; Feilding, A.; Perez-Castillo, A.; Riba, J. The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 5309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9] [PMID: 28706205]
[81]
Barker, S.A.N. N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an endogenous hallucinogen: past, present, and future research to determine its role and function. Front. Neurosci., 2018, 12, 536.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00536] [PMID: 30127713]
[82]
Keiser, M.J.; Setola, V.; Irwin, J.J.; Laggner, C.; Abbas, A.I.; Hufeisen, S.J.; Jensen, N.H.; Kuijer, M.B.; Matos, R.C.; Tran, T.B.; Whaley, R.; Glennon, R.A.; Hert, J.; Thomas, K.L.; Edwards, D.D.; Shoichet, B.K.; Roth, B.L. Predicting new molecular targets for known drugs. Nature, 2009, 462(7270), 175-181.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08506] [PMID: 19881490]
[83]
Nichols, D.E.; Nichols, C.D. Serotonin receptors. Chem. Rev., 2008, 108(5), 1614-1641.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr078224o] [PMID: 18476671]
[84]
Carbonaro, T.M.; Gatch, M.B. Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Brain Res. Bull., 2016, 126(Pt 1), 74-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.016] [PMID: 27126737]
[85]
Fontanilla, D.; Johannessen, M.; Hajipour, A.R.; Cozzi, N.V.; Jackson, M.B.; Ruoho, A.E. The hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous sigma-1 receptor regulator. Science, 2009, 323(5916), 934-937.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1166127] [PMID: 19213917]
[86]
Collier, T.L.; Waterhouse, R.N.; Kassiou, M. Imaging sigma receptors: applications in drug development. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2007, 13(1), 51-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207779313740] [PMID: 17266588]
[87]
Revel, F.G.; Moreau, J.L.; Gainetdinov, R.R.; Ferragud, A.; Velázquez-Sánchez, C.; Sotnikova, T.D.; Morairty, S.R.; Harmeier, A.; Groebke Zbinden, K.; Norcross, R.D.; Bradaia, A.; Kilduff, T.S.; Biemans, B.; Pouzet, B.; Caron, M.G.; Canales, J.J.; Wallace, T.L.; Wettstein, J.G.; Hoener, M.C. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 partial agonism reveals novel paradigm for neuropsychiatric therapeutics. Biol. Psychiatry, 2012, 72(11), 934-942.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.014] [PMID: 22705041]
[88]
Sánchez, C.; Bouso, J.C. Ayahuasca: from the Amazon to the global village.Transnational Institute, 2015. Accessed at:, https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/dpb_ 43_eng_web_19122015.pdf(Access date: 7 August,2019.
[89]
Riba, J.; Barbanoj, M.J. Ayahuasca.Tratado SET de trastornos adictivos; Peris, J.C.; Zurián, J.C.; Martínez, G.C; Valladolid, G.R.Ed. Médica Panamericana; Madrid, 2006, pp. 321-324.
[90]
Palhano-Fontes, F.; Barreto, D.; Onias, H.; Andrade, K.C.; Novaes, M.M.; Pessoa, J.A.; Mota-Rolim, S.A.; Osório, F.L.; Sanches, R.; Dos Santos, R.G.; Tófoli, L.F.; de Oliveira Silveira, G.; Yonamine, M.; Riba, J.; Santos, F.R.; Silva-Junior, A.A.; Alchieri, J.C.; Galvão-Coelho, N.L.; Lobão-Soares, B.; Hallak, J.E.C.; Arcoverde, E.; Maia-de-Oliveira, J.P.; Araújo, D.B. Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychol. Med., 2019, 49(4), 655-663.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001356] [PMID: 29903051]
[91]
Osório. Fde.L.; Sanches, R.F.; Macedo, L.R.; Santos, R.G.; Maia-de-Oliveira, J.P.; Wichert-Ana, L.; Araujo, D.B.; Riba, J.; Crippa, J.A.; Hallak, J.E.C. Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report. Br. J. Psychiatry, 2015, 37(1), 13-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1496] [PMID: 25806551]
[92]
Sanches, R.F.; de Lima Osório, F.; Dos Santos, R.G.; Macedo, L.R.; Maia-de-Oliveira, J.P.; Wichert-Ana, L.; de Araujo, D.B.; Riba, J.; Crippa, J.A.; Hallak, J.E.C. Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a SPECT study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2016, 36(1), 77-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000436] [PMID: 26650973]
[93]
Franquesa, A.; Sainz-Cort, A.; Gandy, S.; Soler, J.; Alcázar-Córcoles, M.Á.; Bouso, J.C. Psychological variables implied in the therapeutic effect of ayahuasca: a contextual approach. Psychiatry Res., 2018, 264, 334-339.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.012] [PMID: 29674223]
[94]
Soler, J.; Elices, M.; Franquesa, A.; Barker, S.; Friedlander, P.; Feilding, A.; Pascual, J.C.; Riba, J. Exploring the therapeutic potential of Ayahuasca: acute intake increases mindfulness-related capacities. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2016, 233(5), 823-829.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4162-0] [PMID: 26612618]
[95]
Barbosa, P.C.; Cazorla, I.M.; Giglio, J.S.; Strassman, R. A six-month prospective evaluation of personality traits, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in ayahuasca-naïve subjects. J. Psychoactive Drugs, 2009, 41(3), 205-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2009.10400530] [PMID: 19999673]
[96]
Ona, G.; Troncoso, S. Long-lasting analgesic effect of the psychedelic drug change: a case report. J. Psychedelic Studies, 2019, 3(1), 7-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2054.2019.001]
[97]
Gable, R.S. Risk assessment of ritual use of oral dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmala alkaloids. Addiction, 2007, 102(1), 24-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01652.x] [PMID: 17207120]
[98]
Lima, F.A.S.; Tófoli, L.F. An epidemiological surveillance system by the UDV: mental health recommendations concerning the religious use of hoasca. The internationalization of ayahuasca; Labate, B.C; Jungaberle, H., Ed.; , 2011, pp. 185-200.
[99]
Dos Santos, R.G.; Bouso, J.C.; Hallak, J.E.C. Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies. Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol., 2017, 7(4), 141-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045125316689030] [PMID: 28540034]
[100]
Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.; Heekeren, K.; Neukirch, A.; Stoll, M.; Stock, C.; Obradovic, M.; Kovar, K.A. Psychological effects of (S)-ketamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): a double-blind, cross-over study in healthy volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2005, 38(6), 301-311.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-916185] [PMID: 16342002]
[101]
Geyer, M.A.; Vollenweider, F.X. Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2008, 29(9), 445-453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006] [PMID: 19086254]
[102]
Riba, J.; Rodríguez-Fornells, A.; Urbano, G.; Morte, A.; Antonijoan, R.; Montero, M.; Callaway, J.C.; Barbanoj, M.J. Subjective effects and tolerability of the South American psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2001, 154(1), 85-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130000606] [PMID: 11292011]
[103]
Barbosa, P.C.; Strassman, R.J.; da Silveira, D.X.; Areco, K.; Hoy, R.; Pommy, J.; Thoma, R.; Bogenschutz, M. Psychological and neuropsychological assessment of regular hoasca users. Compr. Psychiatry, 2016, 71, 95-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.09.003] [PMID: 27653781]
[104]
Bouso, J.C.; González, D.; Fondevila, S.; Cutchet, M.; Fernández, X.; Ribeiro Barbosa, P.C.; Alcázar-Córcoles, M.Á.; Araújo, W.S.; Barbanoj, M.J.; Fábregas, J.M. Riba, J. Personality, psychopathology, life attitudes and neuropsychological performance among ritual users of Ayahuasca: a longitudinal study. PLoS One, 2012, 7(8)e42421
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042421] [PMID: 22905130]
[105]
Grob, C.S.; McKenna, D.J.; Callaway, J.C.; Brito, G.S.; Neves, E.S.; Oberlaender, G.; Saide, O.L.; Labigalini, E.; Tacla, C.; Miranda, C.T.; Strassman, R.J.; Boone, K.B. Human psychopharmacology of hoasca, a plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1996, 184(2), 86-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199602000-00004] [PMID: 8596116]
[106]
Halpern, J.H.; Sherwood, A.R.; Passie, T.; Blackwell, K.C.; Ruttenber, A.J. Evidence of health and safety in American members of a religion who use a hallucinogenic sacrament. Med. Sci. Monit., 2008, 14(8), SR15-SR22.
[PMID: 18668010]
[107]
Li, H.L. An archaeological and historical account of cannabis in China. Econ. Bot., 1974, 28(4), 437-448.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02862859]
[108]
Grotenhermen, F.; Müller-Vahl, K. The therapeutic potential of cannabis and cannabinoids. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int., 2012, 109(29-30), 495-501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2012.0495] [PMID: 23008748]
[109]
Noel, C. Evidence for the use of “medical marijuana” in psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Ment Health Clin, 2018, 7(1), 29-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2017.01.029] [PMID: 29955495]
[110]
ElSohly, M.; Gul, W. Constitutens of Cannabis sativa.Handbook of cannabis; Pertwee, R.G., Ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2014, pp. 3-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662685.003.0001]
[111]
Russo, E.B. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 163(7), 1344-1364.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x] [PMID: 21749363]
[112]
Hindocha, C.; Freeman, T.P.; Schafer, G.; Gardener, C.; Das, R.K.; Morgan, C.J.; Curran, H.V. Acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their combination on facial emotion recognition: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cannabis users. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2015, 25(3), 325-334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.014] [PMID: 25534187]
[113]
Ben-Shabat, S.; Fride, E.; Sheskin, T.; Tamiri, T.; Rhee, M.H.; Vogel, Z.; Bisogno, T.; De Petrocellis, L.; Di Marzo, V.; Mechoulam, R. An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1998, 353(1), 23-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00392-6] [PMID: 9721036]
[114]
Benbadis, S.R.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Bozorg, A.; Giarratano, M.; Kalidas, K.; Katzin, L.; Robertson, D.; Vu, T.; Smith, A.; Zesiewicz, T. Medical marijuana in neurology. Expert Rev. Neurother., 2014, 14(12), 1453-1465.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.985209] [PMID: 25427150]
[115]
Blasco-Benito, S.; Seijo-Vila, M.; Caro-Villalobos, M.; Tundidor, I.; Andradas, C.; García-Taboada, E.; Wade, J.; Smith, S.; Guzmán, M.; Pérez-Gómez, E.; Gordon, M.; Sánchez, C. Appraising the “entourage effect”: Antitumor action of a pure cannabinoid versus a botanical drug preparation in preclinical models of breast cancer. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2018, 157, 285-293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.025] [PMID: 29940172]
[116]
Pamplona, F.A.; da Silva, L.R.; Coan, A.C. Potential clinical benefits of CBD-rich cannabis extracts over purified CBD in treatment-resistant epilepsy: observational data meta-analysis. Front. Neurol., 2018, 9, 759.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00759] [PMID: 30258398]
[117]
Vigil, J.M.; Stith, S.S.; Diviant, J.P.; Brockelman, F.; Keeling, K.; Hall, B. Effectiveness of raw, natural medical cannabis flower for treating insomnia under naturalistic conditions. Medicines (Basel), 2018, 5(3)E75
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030075] [PMID: 29997343]
[118]
Ibeas Bih, C.; Chen, T.; Nunn, A.V.; Bazelot, M.; Dallas, M.; Whalley, B.J. Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 2015, 12(4), 699-730.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3] [PMID: 26264914]
[119]
Di Marzo, V.; Piscitelli, F. The endocannabinoid system and its modulation by phytocannabinoids. Neurotherapeutics, 2015, 12(4), 692-698.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13311-015-0374-6] [PMID: 26271952]
[120]
Maccarrone, M.; Bab, I.; Bíró, T.; Cabral, G.A.; Dey, S.K.; Di Marzo, V.; Konje, J.C.; Kunos, G.; Mechoulam, R.; Pacher, P.; Sharkey, K.A.; Zimmer, A. Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2015, 36(5), 277-296.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.008] [PMID: 25796370]
[121]
Piscitelli, F.; Di Marzo, V. “Redundancy” of endocannabinoid inactivation: new challenges and opportunities for pain control. ACS Chem. Neurosci., 2012, 3(5), 356-363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cn300015x] [PMID: 22860203]
[122]
Deng, H.; Verrico, C.D.; Kosten, T.R.; Nielsen, D.A. Psychosis and synthetic cannabinoids. Psychiatry Res., 2018, 268, 400-412.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.012] [PMID: 30125871]
[123]
Morrison, P.D.; Zois, V.; McKeown, D.A.; Lee, T.D.; Holt, D.W.; Powell, J.F.; Kapur, S.; Murray, R.M. The acute effects of synthetic intravenous Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychosis, mood and cognitive functioning. Psychol. Med., 2009, 39(10), 1607-1616.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709005522] [PMID: 19335936]
[124]
Bonaccorso, S.; Ricciardi, A.; Zangani, C.; Chiappini, S.; Schifano, F. Cannabidiol (CBD) use in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Neurotoxicology, 2019, 74, 282-298.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.002] [PMID: 31412258]
[125]
Bloomfield, M.A.P.; Ashok, A.H.; Volkow, N.D.; Howes, O.D. The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dopamine system. Nature, 2016, 539(7629), 369-377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature20153] [PMID: 27853201]
[126]
Rubino, T.; Zamberletti, E.; Parolaro, D. Adolescent exposure to cannabis as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. J. Psychopharmacol., 2012, 26(1), 177-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881111405362] [PMID: 21768160]
[127]
Fischer, B.; Russell, C.; Sabioni, P.; van den Brink, W.; Le Foll, B.; Hall, W.; Rehm, J.; Room, R. Lower-risk cannabis use guidelines: a comprehensive update of evidence and recommendations. Am. J. Public Health, 2017, 107(8), e1-e12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818] [PMID: 28644037]
[128]
Cox, P.; Roche, D. Directive 2004/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union, 2004. Available at: , https://eur-lex. europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:136:0085:0090:en:PDF(Access date: 7 August, 2019.
[129]
Mechoulam, R.; Ben-Shabat, S. From gan-zi-gun-nu to anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol: the ongoing story of cannabis. Nat. Prod. Rep., 1999, 16(2), 131-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a703973e] [PMID: 10331283]
[130]
Elfawal, M.A.; Towler, M.J.; Reich, N.G.; Weathers, P.J.; Rich, S.M. Dried whole-plant Artemisia annua slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2015, 112(3), 821-826.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413127112] [PMID: 25561559]
[131]
Gasser, P.; Holstein, D.; Michel, Y.; Doblin, R.; Yazar-Klosinski, B.; Passie, T.; Brenneisen, R. Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 2014, 202(7), 513-520.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000113] [PMID: 24594678]
[132]
Johnson, M.; Richards, W.; Griffiths, R. Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety. J. Psychopharmacol., 2008, 22(6), 603-620.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881108093587] [PMID: 18593734]
[133]
Studerus, E.; Kometer, M.; Hasler, F.; Vollenweider, F.X. Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies. J. Psychopharmacol., 2011, 25(11), 1434-1452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881110382466] [PMID: 20855349]
[134]
Gallily, R.; Yekhtin, Z.; Hanuš, L.O. Overcoming the Bell-shaped dose-response of cannabidiol by using cannabis extract enriched in cannabidiol. Pharmacol. Pharm., 2015, 6, 75-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pp.2015.62010]
[135]
Interamerican Court of Human Rights. Case of the Kichwa indigenous people of Sarayaku v.Ecuador, Merits and Reparations 2012. Available at, http://www.worldcourts. com/iacthr/eng/decisions/2012.06.27_Kichwa_Indigenous_People_of_Sarayaku_v_Ecuador.pdf (Access date: 7 August, 2019.)
[136]
CESR. General Comment No.14: The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health (art. 12) 2000. Available at:. https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4538838d0.pdf (Access date: 7 August,2019)

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
40
2
World Chagas Disease
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy