Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Review Article

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

Author(s): Uzma Arif, Sajjad Haider, Adnan Haider*, Naeem Khan*, Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah, Nargis Jamila, Muhammad Imran Khan, Waheed A. Almasry and Inn-Kyu Kang

Volume 25, Issue 34, 2019

Page: [3608 - 3619] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1381612825999191011105148

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc.

Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications.

Methods: Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc.

Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell.

Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Keywords: Biopolymers, scaffolds, drug delivery, tissue engineering, nano technology, biocompatibility.

[1]
Haider A, Haider S, Kang I-K, et al. A novel use of cellulose based filter paper containing silver nanoparticles for its potential application as wound dressing agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108: 455-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.022] [PMID: 29222019]
[2]
Jain RA. The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices. Biomaterials 2000; 21(23): 2475-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00115-0] [PMID: 11055295]
[3]
Ruhe PQ, Hedberg EL, Padron NT, Spauwen PH, Jansen JA, Mikos AG. rhBMP-2 release from injectable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/calcium-phosphate cement composites. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85-A(Suppl. 3): 75-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200300003-00013] [PMID: 12925613]
[4]
Scaffaro R, Botta L, Lopresti F, Maio A, Sutera F. Polysaccharide nanocrystals as fillers for PLA based nanocomposites. Cellulose 2017; 24: 447-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1143-3]
[5]
Arrieta MP, Samper MD, Aldas M, López J. On the use of PLA-PHB blends for sustainable food packaging applications. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10(9): 1008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10091008] [PMID: 28850102]
[6]
Fortunati E, Puglia D, Iannoni A, Terenzi A, Kenny JM, Torre L. Processing conditions, thermal and mechanical responses of stretchable poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene succinate) films. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10(7): 809.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10070809] [PMID: 28773168]
[7]
Muller J, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A. Combination of poly (lactic) acid and starch for biodegradable food packaging. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10(8): 952.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10080952] [PMID: 28809808]
[8]
Xue Q, Liu X-B, Lao Y-H, et al. Anti-infective biomaterials with surface-decorated tachyplesin I. Biomaterials 2018; 178: 351-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.008] [PMID: 29778319]
[9]
Han J, Wu L-P, Liu X-B, et al. Biodegradation and biocompatibility of haloarchaea-produced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymers. Biomaterials 2017; 139: 172-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.006] [PMID: 28618347]
[10]
Liu X-B, Wu L-P, Hou J, Chen J-Y, Han J, Xiang H. Environmental biodegradation of haloarchaea-produced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) in activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100(15): 6893-902.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7528-2] [PMID: 27098259]
[11]
Seo C, Lee HW, Suresh A, Yang JW, Jung JK, Kim Y-C. Improvement of fermentative production of exopolysaccharides from Aureobasidium pullulans under various conditions. Korean J Chem Eng 2014; 31: 1433-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0064-9]
[12]
Yang G, Xie J, Hong F, Cao Z, Yang X. Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticle impregnated bacterial cellulose membrane: effect of fermentation carbon sources of bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87: 839-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.079]
[13]
Rebelo R, Fernandes M, Fangueiro R. Biopolymers in medical implants: a brief review. Procedia Eng 2017; 200: 236-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.034]
[14]
Rebelo R, Vila N, Rana S, Fangueiro R. Poly lactic acid fibre based biodegradable stents and their functionalization techniques. In: Fangueiro R., Rana S. (eds) Natural Fibres: Advances in Science and Technology Towards Industrial Applications. RILEM Bookseries, Springer: Dordrecht 2016; 12; pp. 331-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7515-1_25]
[15]
Dash M, Chiellini F, Ottenbrite RM, Chiellini E. Chitosan- A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2011; 36: 981-1014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.02.001]
[16]
Hu L, Sun Y, Wu Y. Advances in chitosan-based drug delivery vehicles. Nanoscale 2013; 5(8): 3103-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00338h] [PMID: 23515527]
[17]
Bernkop-Schnürch A, Dünnhaupt S. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81(3): 463-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.04.007] [PMID: 22561955]
[18]
Williams D. Titanium and titanium alloys Biocompatibility of clinical implant meterials 1981; 10-44.
[19]
Bhola R, Bhola SM, Liang H, Mishra B. Biocompatible denture polymers-a review. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 2010; 23: 129-36.
[20]
Shive MS, Anderson JM. Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1997; 28(1): 5-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00048-3] [PMID: 10837562]
[21]
Makadia HK, Siegel SJ. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as biodegradable controlled drug delivery carrier. Polymers (Basel) 2011; 3(3): 1377-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym3031377] [PMID: 22577513]
[22]
Houchin ML, Topp EM. Chemical degradation of peptides and proteins in PLGA: a review of reactions and mechanisms. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97(7): 2395-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.21176] [PMID: 17828756]
[23]
Haider A, Gupta KC, Kang I-K. Morphological effects of HA on the cell compatibility of electrospun HA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds. BioMed Res Int 2014; 2014308306
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/308306] [PMID: 24719853]
[24]
Haider A, Gupta KC, Kang I-K. PLGA/nHA hybrid nanofiber scaffold as a nanocargo carrier of insulin for accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9(1): 314.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-314] [PMID: 25024679]
[25]
Haider A, Kim S, Huh M-W, Kang I-K. BMP-2 Grafted nHA/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffold stimulates osteoblastic cells growth. BioMed Res Int 2015; 2015281909
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/281909] [PMID: 26539477]
[26]
Haider A, Versace D-l, Gupta KC, Kang I-K. Pamidronic acid-grafted nHA/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffolds suppress osteoclastic cell viability and enhance osteoblastic cell activity. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med 2016; 4: 7596-604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6TB02083F]
[27]
Kwak S, Haider A, Gupta KC, Kim S, Kang I-K. Micro/nano multilayered scaffolds of PLGA and collagen by alternately electrospinning for bone tissue engineering. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11(1): 323.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1532-4] [PMID: 27376895]
[28]
Rabin C, Liang Y, Ehrlichman RS, et al. In vitro and in vivo demonstration of risperidone implants in mice. Schizophr Res 2008; 98(1-3): 66-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.003] [PMID: 17765477]
[29]
Siegel SJ, Kahn JB, Metzger K, Winey KI, Werner K, Dan N. Effect of drug type on the degradation rate of PLGA matrices. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 64(3): 287-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.06.009] [PMID: 16949804]
[30]
Yang R, Chen T, Chen H, Wang W. Microfabrication of biodegradable (PLGA) honeycomb-structures and potential applications in implantable drug delivery. Sens Actuators B Chem 2005; 106: 506-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2004.07.017]
[31]
Grayson ACR, Cima MJ, Langer R. Size and temperature effects on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) degradation and microreservoir device performance. Biomaterials 2005; 26(14): 2137-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.06.033] [PMID: 15576189]
[32]
Stubbe BG, De Smedt SC, Demeester J. “Programmed polymeric devices” for pulsed drug delivery. Pharm Res 2004; 21(10): 1732-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:PHAM.0000045223.45400.01] [PMID: 15553216]
[33]
Richards Grayson AC, Choi IS, Tyler BM, et al. Multi-pulse drug delivery from a resorbable polymeric microchip device. Nat Mater 2003; 2(11): 767-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat998] [PMID: 14619935]
[34]
Xu JS, Huang J, Qin R, et al. Synthesizing and binding dual-mode poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanobubbles for cancer targeting and imaging. Biomaterials 2010; 31(7): 1716-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.052] [PMID: 20006382]
[35]
Raquez J-M, Habibi Y, Murariu M, Dubois P. Polylactide (PLA)-based nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2013; 38: 1504-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.014]
[36]
Cai J, Peng X, Nelson KD, Eberhart R, Smith GM. Permeable guidance channels containing microfilament scaffolds enhance axon growth and maturation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 75(2): 374-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30432] [PMID: 16088902]
[37]
Athanasiou KA, Agrawal CM, Barber FA, Burkhart SS. Orthopaedic applications for PLA-PGA biodegradable polymers. Arthroscopy 1998; 14(7): 726-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-8063(98)70099-4] [PMID: 9788368]
[38]
Oksman K, Skrifvars M, Selin J-F. Natural fibres as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Compos Sci Technol 2003; 63: 1317-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00103-9]
[39]
Miller DL, Force SD, Pickens A, Fernandez FG, Luu T, Mansour KA. Chest wall reconstruction using biomaterials. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95(3): 1050-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.024] [PMID: 23333060]
[40]
Rasić Z, Schwarz D, Adam VN, et al. Efficacy of antimicrobial triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl* Plus) suture for closure of the abdominal wall after colorectal surgery. Coll Antropol 2011; 35(2): 439-43.
[PMID: 21755716]
[41]
Nakamura T, Kashimura N, Noji T, et al. Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the incidence of wound infections and the costs after colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surgery 2013; 153(4): 576-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2012.11.018] [PMID: 23261025]
[42]
Vieira AC, Guedes RM, Tita V. Damage-induced hydrolyses modelling of biodegradable polymers for tendons and ligaments repair. J Biomech 2015; 48(12): 3478-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.05.025] [PMID: 26303168]
[43]
Vieira AC, Guedes RM, Marques AT. Development of ligament tissue biodegradable devices: a review. J Biomech 2009; 42(15): 2421-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.07.019] [PMID: 19664774]
[44]
Chapple CR, Osman NI, Mangera A, et al. Application of tissue engineering to pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2015; 7(2): 63-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/luts.12098] [PMID: 26663684]
[45]
Hillary CJ, Roman S, Bullock AJ, Green NH, Chapple CR, MacNeil S. Developing repair materials for stress urinary incontinence to withstand dynamic distension. PLoS One 2016; 11(3)e0149971
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149971] [PMID: 26981860]
[46]
Chia HN, Wu BM. Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. J Biol Eng 2015; 9: 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13036-015-0001-4] [PMID: 25866560]
[47]
Sun H, Mei L, Song C, Cui X, Wang P. The in vivo degradation, absorption and excretion of PCL-based implant. Biomaterials 2006; 27(9): 1735-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.09.019] [PMID: 16198413]
[48]
Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials. Prog Polym Sci 2007; 32: 762-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.017]
[49]
Castilla-Cortázar I, Más-Estellés J, Meseguer-Dueñas JM, Ivirico JE, Marí B, Vidaurre A. Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of a poly (ε-caprolactone) network. Polym Degrad Stabil 2012; 97: 1241-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.038]
[50]
Mondal D, Griffith M, Venkatraman SS. Polycaprolactone-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery: Current scenario and challenges. Int J Polyme Mat Polym Biomat 2016; 65: 255-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2015.1103241]
[51]
Woodruff MA, Hutmacher DW. The return of a forgotten polymer-Polycaprolactone in the 21st century. Prog Polym Sci 2010; 35: 1217-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.04.002]
[52]
Kamal T, Shin TJ, Park SY. Uniaxial tensile deformation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) studied with SAXS and WAXS techniques using synchrotron radiation. Macromolecules 2012; 45: 8752-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma301714f]
[53]
Khang G, Lee SJ, Kim MS, Lee HB. Biomaterials: tissue engineering and scaffolds Encyclopedia of Medical devices and instrumentation. 2006.
[54]
Guarino V, Causa F, Taddei P, et al. Polylactic acid fibre-reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2008; 29(27): 3662-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.05.024] [PMID: 18547638]
[55]
Chung C, Burdick JA. Engineering cartilage tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60(2): 243-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.027] [PMID: 17976858]
[56]
Neves SC, Moreira Teixeira LS, Moroni L, et al. Chitosan/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) blend scaffolds for cartilage repair. Biomaterials 2011; 32(4): 1068-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.073] [PMID: 20980050]
[57]
Vacanti J, Lanza R, Langer R. Principles of Tissue Engineering In: ed Academic Press: San Diego 2000.
[58]
Alvarez-Perez MA, Guarino V, Cirillo V, Ambrosio L. Influence of gelatin cues in PCL electrospun membranes on nerve outgrowth. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11(9): 2238-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm100221h] [PMID: 20690634]
[59]
Zhang YZ, Venugopal J, Huang Z-M, Lim CT, Ramakrishna S. Characterization of the surface biocompatibility of the electrospun PCL-collagen nanofibers using fibroblasts. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6(5): 2583-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm050314k] [PMID: 16153095]
[60]
Taylor DA, Zenovich AG. Cardiovascular cell therapy and endogenous repair. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10(Suppl. 4): 5-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00937.x] [PMID: 18834428]
[61]
Pektok E, Nottelet B, Tille J-C, et al. Degradation and healing characteristics of small-diameter poly(ε-caprolactone) vascular grafts in the rat systemic arterial circulation. Circulation 2008; 118(24): 2563-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.795732] [PMID: 19029464]
[62]
Shevach M, Maoz BM, Feiner R, Shapira A, Dvir T. Nanoengineering gold particle composite fibers for cardiac tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med 2013; 1: 5210-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20584c]
[63]
Cao H, Liu T, Chew SY. The application of nanofibrous scaffolds in neural tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61(12): 1055-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.009] [PMID: 19643156]
[64]
Xie J, MacEwan MR, Li X, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Xia Y. Neurite outgrowth on nanofiber scaffolds with different orders, structures, and surface properties. ACS Nano 2009; 3(5): 1151-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn900070z] [PMID: 19397333]
[65]
Cho YI, Choi JS, Jeong SY, Yoo HS. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-conjugated electrospun nanostructures with topographical cues for neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2010; 6(12): 4725-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.019] [PMID: 20601229]
[66]
Mondal D, Venkatraman SS. Formulation and characterization of naked DNA and complexed DNA loaded polymer films. Mater Sci Eng C 2011; 31: 224-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.08.021]
[67]
Rivera-Briso AL, Serrano-Aroca Á. Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate): Enhancement strategies for advanced applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10(7): 732.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070732] [PMID: 30960657]
[68]
Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ, Lemons JE. Biomaterials science: An introduction to materials in medicine. Elsevier 2004.
[69]
Rao U, Kumar R, Balaji S, Sehgal P. A novel biocompatible poly (3-hydroxy-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) blend as a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering. J Bioact Compat Polym 2010; 25: 419-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911510369037]
[70]
Raquez J-M, Deléglise M, Lacrampe M-F, Krawczak P. Thermosetting (bio) materials derived from renewable resources: a critical review. Prog Polym Sci 2010; 35: 487-509.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.01.001]
[71]
Siqueira G, Bras J, Dufresne A. Cellulose whiskers versus microfibrils: influence of the nature of the nanoparticle and its surface functionalization on the thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10(2): 425-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm801193d] [PMID: 19113881]
[72]
Sykacek E, Hrabalova M, Frech H, Mundigler N. Extrusion of five biopolymers reinforced with increasing wood flour concentration on a production machine, injection moulding and mechanical performance. Compos, Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2009; 40: 1272-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.05.023]
[73]
Singh S, Mohanty A. Wood fiber reinforced bacterial bioplastic composites: fabrication and performance evaluation. Compos Sci Technol 2007; 67: 1753-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.11.009]
[74]
Singh S, Mohanty AK, Sugie T, Takai Y, Hamada H. Renewable resource based biocomposites from natural fiber and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) bioplastic. Compos, Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2008; 39: 875-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.01.004]
[75]
Sahari J, Sapuan S. Natural fibre reinforced biodegradable polymer composites. Rev Adv Mater Sci 2011; 30: 166-74.
[76]
Fei B, Chen C, Chen S, et al. Crosslinking of poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate)‐co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] using dicumyl peroxide as initiator. Polym Int 2004; 53: 937-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1477]
[77]
Krikštanavičienė K, Stanys S, Jonaitienė V. Comparative investigation of mechanical-physical characteristics of biodegradable and non-degradable yarns. AUTEX Res J 2014; 14: 61-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2014-0001]
[78]
Modi S, Koelling K, Vodovotz Y. Assessing the mechanical, phase inversion, and rheological properties of poly-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate](PHBV) blended with poly-(l-lactic acid)(PLA). Eur Polym J 2013; 49: 3681-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.07.036]
[79]
Recco M, Floriano A, Tada D, Lemes A, Lang R, Cristovan F. Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)/poly (3-thiophene ethyl acetate) blends as a electroactive biomaterial substrate for tissue engineering application. RSC Advances 2016; 6: 25330-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA26747A]
[80]
Jost V, Kopitzky R. Blending of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate with polylactic acid for packaging applications-reflections on miscibility and effects on the mechanical and barrier properties. Chem Biochem Eng Q 2015; 29: 221-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/CABEQ.2014.2257]
[81]
Nakagawa M, Teraoka F, Fujimoto S, Hamada Y, Kibayashi H, Takahashi J. Improvement of cell adhesion on poly(L-lactide) by atmospheric plasma treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 77(1): 112-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30521] [PMID: 16392137]
[82]
Ke Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Xiao M, Wu G. Surface modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates toward enhancing cell compatibility and antibacterial activity. Macromol Mater Eng 2017; 3021700258
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201700258]
[83]
Lucchesi C, Ferreira BM, Duek EA, Santos AR Jr, Joazeiro PP. Increased response of Vero cells to PHBV matrices treated by plasma. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19(2): 635-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-0169-3] [PMID: 17619989]
[84]
Unalan I, Colpankan O, Albayrak AZ, Gorgun C, Urkmez AS. Biocompatibility of plasma-treated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nanofiber mats modified by silk fibroin for bone tissue regeneration. Mater Sci Eng C 2016; 68: 842-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.054] [PMID: 27524087]
[85]
Chang C-K, Wang HD, Lan JC. Investigation and characterization of plasma-treated poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biopolymers for an in vitro cellular study of mouse adipose-derived stem cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10(4): 355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10040355] [PMID: 30966390]
[86]
Castro-Mayorga J, Fabra M, Lagaron J. Stabilized nanosilver based antimicrobial poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nanocomposites of interest in active food packaging. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 2016; 33: 524-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2015.10.019]
[87]
Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Polymeric materials with antimicrobial activity. Prog Polym Sci 2012; 37: 281-339.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.005]
[88]
Benchaar C, Calsamiglia S, Chaves A, et al. A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008; 145: 209-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.014]
[89]
Xing Z-C, Chae W-P, Baek J-Y, Choi M-J, Jung Y, Kang I-K. In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of silver-containing PHBV nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11(5): 1248-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm1000372] [PMID: 20415469]
[90]
Ahmad I, Kamal T, Khan SB, Asiri AM. An efficient and easily retrievable dip catalyst based on silver nanoparticles/chitosan-coated cellulose filter paper. Cellulose 2016; 23: 3577-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1053-4]
[91]
Ahmad I, Khan SB, Kamal T, Asiri AM. Visible light activated degradation of organic pollutants using zinc-iron selenide. J Mol Liq 2017; 229: 429-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.061]
[92]
Ali F, Khan SB, Kamal T, Alamry KA, Asiri AM. Chitosan-titanium oxide fibers supported zero-valent nanoparticles: Highly efficient and easily retrievable catalyst for the removal of organic pollutants. Sci Rep 2018; 8(1): 6260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24311-4] [PMID: 29674721]
[93]
Ali F, Khan SB, Kamal T, Alamry KA, Asiri AM, Sobahi TRA. Chitosan coated cotton cloth supported zero-valent nanoparticles: simple but economically viable, efficient and easily retrievable catalysts. Sci Rep 2017; 7(1): 16957.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16815-2] [PMID: 29209040]
[94]
Ali F, Khan SB, Kamal T, et al. Synthesis and characterization of metal nanoparticles templated chitosan-SiO2 catalyst for the reduction of nitrophenols and dyes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192: 217-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.029] [PMID: 29691016]
[95]
Ali F, Khan SB, Kamal T, Anwar Y, Alamry KA, Asiri AM. Bactericidal and catalytic performance of green nanocomposite based-on chitosan/carbon black fiber supported monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2017; 188: 588-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.118] [PMID: 28917211]
[96]
Ali F, Khan SB, Kamal T, Anwar Y, Alamry KA, Asiri AM. Anti-bacterial chitosan/zinc phthalocyanine fibers supported metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles for the removal of organic pollutants. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173: 676-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.074] [PMID: 28732913]
[97]
Ali N. Awais, Kamal T, et al. Chitosan-coated cotton cloth supported copper nanoparticles for toxic dye reduction. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111: 832-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.092] [PMID: 29355628]
[98]
Al-Mubaddel FS, Haider S, Aijaz MO, et al. Preparation of the chitosan/polyacrylonitrile semi-IPN hydrogel via glutaraldehyde vapors for the removal of Rhodamine B dye. Polym Bull 2017; 74: 1535-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1788-y]
[99]
Haider S, Kamal T, Khan SB, et al. Natural polymers supported copper nanoparticles for pollutants degradation. Appl Surf Sci 2016; 387: 1154-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.133]
[100]
Kamal T. High performance NiO decorated graphene as a potential H-2 gas sensor. J Alloys Compd 2017; 729: 1058-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.124]
[101]
Kamal T, Ahmad I, Khan SB, Asiri AM. Synthesis and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles supported on porous cellulose acetate sheets and wet-spun fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157: 294-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.078] [PMID: 27987930]
[102]
Kamal T, Ahmad I, Khan SB, Asiri AM. Agar hydrogel supported metal nanoparticles catalyst for pollutants degradation in water. Desalination Water Treat 2018; 136: 290-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.23230]
[103]
Kamal T, Ali N, Naseem AA, Khan SB, Asiri AM. Polymer nanocomposite membranes for antifouling nanofiltration. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2016; 10(3): 189-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210510666160429145704] [PMID: 27136927]
[104]
Kamal T, Anwar Y, Khan SB, Chani MTS, Asiri AM. Dye adsorption and bactericidal properties of TiO2/chitosan coating layer. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148: 153-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.042] [PMID: 27185126]
[105]
Kamal T, Khan SB, Asiri AM. Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. Environ Pollut 2016; 218: 625-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.046] [PMID: 27481647]
[106]
Kamal T, Khan SB, Asiri AM. Synthesis of zero-valent Cu nanoparticles in the chitosan coating layer on cellulose microfibers: evaluation of azo dyes catalytic reduction. Cellulose 2016; 23: 1911-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0919-9]
[107]
Kamal T, Khan SB, Haider S, Alghamdi YG, Asiri AM. Thin layer chitosan-coated cellulose filter paper as substrate for immobilization of catalytic cobalt nanoparticles Int J Biol Macromol 2017 104(Pt A): 56-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.157] [PMID: 28571736]
[108]
Kamal T, Ul-Islam M, Khan SB, Asiri AM. Adsorption and photocatalyst assisted dye removal and bactericidal performance of ZnO/chitosan coating layer. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81: 584-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.060] [PMID: 26321421]
[109]
Kavitha T, Haider S, Kamal T, Ul-Islam M. Thermal decomposition of metal complex precursor as route to the synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and mechanism. J Alloys Compd 2017; 704: 296-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.306]
[110]
Kavitha T, Kumar S, Prasad V, Asiri AM, Kamal T, Ul-Islam M. NiO powder synthesized through nickel metal complex degradation for water treatment. Desalination Water Treat 2019; 155: 216-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24054]
[111]
Khan FU. Asimullah , Khan SB, et al. Novel combination of zero-valent Cu and Ag nanoparticles @ cellulose acetate nanocomposite for the reduction of 4-nitro phenol. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102: 868-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.062] [PMID: 28428128]
[112]
Khan MSJ, Kamal T, Ali F, Asiri AM, Khan SB. Chitosan-coated polyurethane sponge supported metal nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of organic pollutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132: 772-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.205] [PMID: 30928377]
[113]
Khan SA, Khan SB, Kamal T, Asiri AM, Akhtar K. Recent development of chitosan nanocomposites for environmental applications. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2016; 10(3): 181-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210510666160429145339] [PMID: 27136929]
[114]
Khan SA, Khan SB, Kamal T, Yasir M, Asiri AM. Antibacterial nanocomposites based on chitosan/Co-MCM as a selective and efficient adsorbent for organic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91: 744-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.018] [PMID: 27287771]
[115]
Khan SB, Ali F, Kamal T, Anwar Y, Asiri AM, Seo J. CuO embedded chitosan spheres as antibacterial adsorbent for dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88: 113-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.026] [PMID: 26993528]
[116]
Khan SB, Khan SA, Marwani HM, et al. Anti-bacterial PES-cellulose composite spheres: dual character toward extraction and catalytic reduction of nitrophenol. RSC Advances 2016; 6: 110077-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6RA21626A]
[117]
Ul-Islam M, Wajid Ullah M, Khan S, et al. Recent advancement in cellulose based nanocomposite for addressing environmental challenges. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2016; 10(3): 169-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210510666160429144916] [PMID: 27136931]
[118]
Shchipunov Y. Bionanocomposites: green sustainable materials for the near future. Pure Appl Chem 2012; 84: 2579-607.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-12-05-04]
[119]
Habibi Y, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ. Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 110(6): 3479-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr900339w] [PMID: 20201500]
[120]
Azizi Samir MA, Alloin F, Dufresne A. Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6(2): 612-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm0493685] [PMID: 15762621]
[121]
Eichhorn SJ, Dufresne A, Aranguren M, et al. current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 2010; 45: 1-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3874-0]
[122]
Mujica-Garcia A, Hooshmand S, Skrifvars M, Kenny JM, Oksman K, Peponi L. Poly (lactic acid) melt-spun fibers reinforced with functionalized cellulose nanocrystals. RSC Advances 2016; 6: 9221-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA22818B]
[123]
Arrieta MP, López J, López D, Kenny JM, Peponi L. Biodegradable electrospun bionanocomposite fibers based on plasticized PLA-PHB blends reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. Ind Crops Prod 2016; 93: 290-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.058]
[124]
Yee YY, Ching YC, Rozali S, Hashim NA, Singh R. Preparation and characterization of poly (lactic acid)-based composite reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and nanosilica. BioResources 2016; 11: 2269-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.2269-2286]
[125]
Shafizah S, Izwan AS, Fatirah F, Hasraf MN. Review on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforced agent on electrospun nanofibers: mechanical and thermal properties In: ed, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering IOP Publishing 2018; pp. 012011.
[126]
Huan S, Bai L, Cheng W, Han G. Manufacture of electrospun all-aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal composite nanofibrous mats with enhanced properties through controlling fibers arrangement and microstructure. Polymer (Guildf) 2016; 92: 25-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.082]
[127]
Rahman MM, Afrin S, Haque P. Characterization of crystalline cellulose of jute reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) biocomposite film for potential biomedical applications. Prog Biomater 2014; 3(1): 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40204-014-0023-x] [PMID: 29470657]
[128]
Mandal A, Chakrabarty D. Studies on the mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties of nanocomposites based on poly (vinyl alcohol) and nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse. J Ind Eng Chem 2014; 20: 462-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.05.003]
[129]
Chaabouni O, Boufi S. Cellulose nanofibrils/polyvinyl acetate nanocomposite adhesives with improved mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156: 64-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.016] [PMID: 27842853]
[130]
Poonguzhali R, Basha SK, Kumari VS. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-PVP-nanocellulose composites for in-vitro wound dressing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105(Pt 1): 111-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.006] [PMID: 28698076]
[131]
Dong H, Strawhecker KE, Snyder JF, Orlicki JA, Reiner RS, Rudie AW. Cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforcing material for electrospun poly (methyl methacrylate) fibers: formation, properties and nanomechanical characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87: 2488-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.015]
[132]
Cao X, Habibi Y, Magalhães WLE, Rojas OJ, Lucia LA. Cellulose nanocrystals-based nanocomposites: fruits of a novel biomass research and teaching platform. Curr Sci 2011; 100(8): 1172-6.
[133]
Huang Z-M, Zhang Y-Z, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S. A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 2003; 63: 2223-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00178-7]
[134]
Narayanan G, Boy R, Gupta BS, Tonelli AE. Functional Nanofibers Containing Cyclodextrins. In: ed., Polysaccharide-based Fibers and Composites. Springer, 2018 pp. 29-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56596-5_3]
[135]
Jiang H, Hu Y, Li Y, Zhao P, Zhu K, Chen W. A facile technique to prepare biodegradable coaxial electrospun nanofibers for controlled release of bioactive agents. J Control Release 2005; 108(2-3): 237-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.08.006] [PMID: 16153737]
[136]
Esa F, Tasirin SM, Rahman NA. Overview of bacterial cellulose production and application. Agric Agric Sci Procedia 2014; 2: 113-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.017]
[137]
Picheth GF, Pirich CL, Sierakowski MR, et al. Bacterial cellulose in biomedical applications: A review Int J Biol Macromol 2017 104(Pt A): 97-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.171] [PMID: 28587970]
[138]
Jian C, Gong C, Wang S, et al. Multifunctional comb copolymer ethyl cellulose-g-poly (ε-caprolactone)-rhodamine B/folate: synthesis, characterization and targeted bonding application. Eur Polym J 2014; 55: 235-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.04.003]
[139]
Golshan M, Salami-Kalajahi M, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Mohammadi M. Poly (propylene imine) dendrimer-grafted nanocrystalline cellulose: doxorubicin loading and release behavior. Polymer (Guildf) 2017; 117: 287-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.047]
[140]
Morales-Narváez E, Golmohammadi H, Naghdi T, et al. Nanopaper as an optical sensing platform. ACS Nano 2015; 9(7): 7296-305.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b03097] [PMID: 26135050]
[141]
El Kadib A. Chitosan as a sustainable organocatalyst: a concise overview. ChemSusChem 2015; 8(2): 217-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402718] [PMID: 25470553]
[142]
Hamed I, Özogul F, Regenstein JM. Industrial applications of crustacean by-products (chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides): a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016; 48: 40-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.11.007]
[143]
Ahmad M, Manzoor K, Singh S, Ikram S. Chitosan centered bionanocomposites for medical specialty and curative applications: a review. Int J Pharm 2017; 529(1-2): 200-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.079] [PMID: 28663086]
[144]
Crini G, Morin-Crini N, Fatin-Rouge N, Deon S, Fievet P. Metal removal from aqueous media by polymer-assisted ultrafiltration with chitosan. Arab J Chem 2017; 10: S3826-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.05.020]
[145]
Ahmed S, Kamal T, Khan SA, et al. Assessment of anti-bacterial Ni-Al/chitosan composite spheres for adsorption assisted photo-degradation of organic pollutants. Curr Nanosci 2016; 12: 569-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413712666160204000517]
[146]
Farrokhi-Rad M. Effect of dispersants on the electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite coatings. J Am Ceram Soc 2016; 99: 2947-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.14338]
[147]
Clavijo S, Membrives F, Quiroga G, Boccaccini AR, Santillán MJ. Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/Bioglass® and chitosan/Bioglass®/TiO2 composite coatings for bioimplants. Ceram Int 2016; 42: 14206-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.05.178]
[148]
Seuss S, Chavez A, Yoshioka T, Stein J, Boccaccini AR. Electrophoretic deposition of soft coatings for orthopaedic applications. Biomaterials Science: Processing. Properties and Applications II: Ceramic Transactions 2012; 237: 145-52.
[149]
Gebhardt F, Seuss S, Turhan M, Hornberger H, Virtanen S, Boccaccini AR. Characterization of electrophoretic chitosan coatings on stainless steel. Mater Lett 2012; 66: 302-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.08.088]
[150]
Li W-W, Wang H-Y, Zhang Y-Q. A novel chitosan hydrogel membrane by an improved electrophoretic deposition and its characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Mater Sci Eng C 2017; 74: 287-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.005] [PMID: 28254297]
[151]
Avcu E, Baştan FE, Abdullah HZ, Rehman MAU, Avcu YY, Boccaccini AR. Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan-based composite coatings for biomedical applications: A review. Prog Mater Sci 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.01.001]
[152]
Alves NM, Mano JF. Chitosan derivatives obtained by chemical modifications for biomedical and environmental applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2008; 43(5): 401-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.09.007] [PMID: 18838086]
[153]
Kamal T. Aminophenols formation from nitrophenols using agar biopolymer hydrogel supported CuO nanoparticles catalyst. Polym Test 2019; 77105896
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.105896]
[154]
Zhao Y, Wang Y, Gong J, et al. Chitosan degradation products facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration by improving macrophage-constructed microenvironments. Biomaterials 2017; 134: 64-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.026] [PMID: 28456077]
[155]
Prashanth KH, Tharanathan R. Depolymerized products of chitosan as potent inhibitors of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1722: 22-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.11.009]
[156]
Pishbin F, Mouriño V, Flor S, et al. Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6(11): 8796-806.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am5014166] [PMID: 24827466]
[157]
Sudarshan N, Hoover D, Knorr D. Antibacterial action of chitosan. Food Biotechnol 1992; 6: 257-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905439209549838]
[158]
Zheng L-Y, Zhu J-F. Study on antimicrobial activity of chitosan with different molecular weights. Carbohydr Polym 2003; 54: 527-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.07.009]
[159]
Ngo D-H, Kim S-K. Antioxidant effects of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives. In: ed., Advances in food and nutrition research. Elsevier 2014 pp. 15-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800268-1.00002-0]
[160]
Xing Y, Xu Q, Li X, et al. Chitosan-based coating with antimicrobial agents: preparation, property, mechanism, and application effectiveness on fruits and vegetables. Int J Polym Sci 2016; 2016: 24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4851730]
[161]
Kim I-Y, Seo S-J, Moon H-S, et al. Chitosan and its derivatives for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26(1): 1-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.07.009] [PMID: 17884325]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy