Abstract
A key feature of the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is that it induces a state of immunosuppression, causing increased susceptibility to infections and failure of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic chemotherapy still forms the mainstay of most current treatment regimens, but is not curative, and its lack of specificity means that it also targets normal immune cells, exacerbating this immunosuppression. This can result in effective treatments being limited by infectious complications, particularly in the elderly who comprise the majority of patients with this disease. Immunotherapy potentially offers a way out of this dilemma, due to its improved specificity and ability to enhance immune responses to both the tumor and infectious agents. There has been a dramatic increase in the range of available immunotherapeutic options over the past decade, and many are now in the process of making the transition to the clinic. This review will discuss both the immune defect in CLL, and emerging immunotherapies, including CD40 ligand gene therapy, lenalidomide, CLL vaccines, CXCR4 antagonists, and adoptive cellular immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cells.
Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, immune suppression, T-cell, NK-cell, CXCR4, plerixafor, CAL-101, everolimus, PCI-32765, CD40 ligand, gene therapy, lenalidomide, cancer vaccine, allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, chimeric antigen receptor
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Immune Dysfunction in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The Role for Immunotherapy
Volume: 18 Issue: 23
Author(s): John C. Riches, Alan G. Ramsay and John G. Gribben
Affiliation:
Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, immune suppression, T-cell, NK-cell, CXCR4, plerixafor, CAL-101, everolimus, PCI-32765, CD40 ligand, gene therapy, lenalidomide, cancer vaccine, allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, chimeric antigen receptor
Abstract: A key feature of the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is that it induces a state of immunosuppression, causing increased susceptibility to infections and failure of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic chemotherapy still forms the mainstay of most current treatment regimens, but is not curative, and its lack of specificity means that it also targets normal immune cells, exacerbating this immunosuppression. This can result in effective treatments being limited by infectious complications, particularly in the elderly who comprise the majority of patients with this disease. Immunotherapy potentially offers a way out of this dilemma, due to its improved specificity and ability to enhance immune responses to both the tumor and infectious agents. There has been a dramatic increase in the range of available immunotherapeutic options over the past decade, and many are now in the process of making the transition to the clinic. This review will discuss both the immune defect in CLL, and emerging immunotherapies, including CD40 ligand gene therapy, lenalidomide, CLL vaccines, CXCR4 antagonists, and adoptive cellular immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cells.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
C. Riches John, G. Ramsay Alan and G. Gribben John, Immune Dysfunction in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The Role for Immunotherapy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212801227023
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212801227023 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Adenosine Receptor Ligands-Recent Developments Part I. Agonists
Current Medicinal Chemistry State of the Art Management of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy: from Genes to Clinical Manifestations
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Kv1.5 Blockers for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Approaches to Optimization of Potency and Selectivity and Translation to In Vivo Pharmacology
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Antimicrobial Peptides in Oral Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiovascular Therapeutics Targets on the NO–sGC–cGMP Signaling Pathway: A Critical Overview
Current Drug Targets Blood Pressure and the Risk of Dementia: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Current Neurovascular Research The Pharmacological Effects of Novokinin; a Designed Peptide Agonist of the Angiotensin AT<sab>2</sab> Receptor
Current Pharmaceutical Design Understanding and Avoiding Antiretroviral Adverse Events
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide: Focus on Structure- Activity Relationships of a Neuroprotective Peptide
Current Medicinal Chemistry Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow as Sources for Cell-based Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Ischemic Tissues: Biological Foundation and Clinical Prospects for Age-related Vascular Disease
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Pathogenetic Pathways of Cardiorenal Syndrome and their Possible Therapeutic Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ivabradine: The Hope for a Good Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anorexia Nervosa and the Use of Total Parenteral Nutrition Refeeding
Current Nutrition & Food Science Importance of ABC Transporters in Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metal Toxicity and Speciation: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Hypotensive Agents from Verbesina Caracasana: Structure, Synthesis and Pharmacology
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nutraceutical Approach to Peripheral Neuropathies: Evidence from Clinical Trials
Current Drug Metabolism Mast Cells as Targets of Pimecrolimus
Current Pharmaceutical Design