Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by an ineffective hematopoiesis and functional abnormalities of hematopoietic lineages. Patients with MDS present with cytopenia(s) associated with morphological dysplasia and /or increase in number of blasts, and can progress to acute myeloid leukemia. The pathogenesis of MDS is exceedingly complex and involves the hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow microenvironment and an interaction between these two compartments. The laboratory diagnostic strategy in MDS has evolved significantly over the years from a purely morphological one based almost exclusively on peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspirate cytology to the integrated multiparametric approach used in the 2001 and 2008 WHO classification schemes. An evolution has also occurred in the prognostic assessment and the evaluation of treatment response to include novel disease related factors as well as patient specific characteristics such as non-hematologic comorbidities. This progress in clinically relevant subclassification of MDS and inclusion of specific variables related to treatment response are particularly important considering the increasing treatment options available for MDS.
This review is largely focused on the diagnostic approach to MDS including discussion of the significance of cytogenetic/genetic and immunophenotypic features. We present the overview of the minimal diagnostic criteria for diagnosing MDS and a detailed description the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme.
Keywords: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia, refractory anemia with excess blasts, 5q- syndrome, MDS, Unclassifiable, pediatric MDS, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytogenetics
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:World Health Organization Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Volume: 18 Issue: 22
Author(s): Magdalena Czader and Attilio Orazi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia, refractory anemia with excess blasts, 5q- syndrome, MDS, Unclassifiable, pediatric MDS, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytogenetics
Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by an ineffective hematopoiesis and functional abnormalities of hematopoietic lineages. Patients with MDS present with cytopenia(s) associated with morphological dysplasia and /or increase in number of blasts, and can progress to acute myeloid leukemia. The pathogenesis of MDS is exceedingly complex and involves the hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow microenvironment and an interaction between these two compartments. The laboratory diagnostic strategy in MDS has evolved significantly over the years from a purely morphological one based almost exclusively on peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspirate cytology to the integrated multiparametric approach used in the 2001 and 2008 WHO classification schemes. An evolution has also occurred in the prognostic assessment and the evaluation of treatment response to include novel disease related factors as well as patient specific characteristics such as non-hematologic comorbidities. This progress in clinically relevant subclassification of MDS and inclusion of specific variables related to treatment response are particularly important considering the increasing treatment options available for MDS.
This review is largely focused on the diagnostic approach to MDS including discussion of the significance of cytogenetic/genetic and immunophenotypic features. We present the overview of the minimal diagnostic criteria for diagnosing MDS and a detailed description the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Czader Magdalena and Orazi Attilio, World Health Organization Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811209023149
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811209023149 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Safety and Utilization of Blood Components as Therapeutic Delivery Systems
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Drugs, Environmental Factors, Loci and Genes Involved in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Cleft
Current Pharmacogenomics Multiple-Target Drugs: Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90 and of Histone Deacetylase
Current Drug Targets Synthesis and Evaluation of 2-Substituted Fendiline Analogues as Antileukemics
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Strategy of Cancer Targeting Gene-Viro-Therapy (CTGVT) a Trend in Both Cancer Gene Therapy and Cancer Virotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Management of Membranous Glomerulopathy in Allogeneic Stem Cells Transplantation: Updated Literature
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry In Vivo Treatment Efficacy of Essential Oil Isolated from Seeds of <i>Momordica charantia</i> in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Heat Shock Protein 90 – a Potential Target in the Treatment of Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Current Cancer Drug Targets Novel Lipid and Polymeric Materials as Delivery Systems for Nucleic Acid Based Drugs
Current Drug Metabolism Toll Like Receptors Signaling Pathways as a Target for Therapeutic Interventions
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer Tumor-Propagating Cells: Molecular Characteristics
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Inhibitors of HDACs - Effective Drugs Against Cancer?
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Combination of Conventional Chemotherapy with New Targeted Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: The Safety and Efficiency of Low- Dose Cytarabine Supports its Combination with New Therapeutic Agents in Early Clinical Trials
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Ricin and Saporin: Plant Enzymes for the Research and the Clinics
Current Chemical Biology Deciphering the Role of Forkhead Transcription Factors in Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Cytotoxic and Antitumoral Activity of N-(9H-purin-6-yl) Benzamide Derivatives and Related Water-soluble Prodrugs
Current Molecular Pharmacology Death Receptor Signaling in Cancer Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Withdrawal Notice: Recent Developments in Anti-Cancer Activity of Compounds Containing the Thioether Group
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Tumor Malignancy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Immune Response Manipulation: Recombinant Immunoreceptors Endow T-Cells with Predefined Specificity
Current Pharmaceutical Design