Abstract
Tetherin is a type II membrane protein that bears a N-terminal transmembrane domain, an extracellular coiledcoil structure and a C-terminal GPI anchor. This unique topology allows tetherin to block the release of a wide range of enveloped viruses from the cell surface. In order to overcome this host restriction, viruses have evolved various counter measures. In the case of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the viral protein U (Vpu) is able to downmodulate cell surface tetherin, thus removing tetherin molecules from the site of virus budding. This activity of Vpu depends on its direct interaction with tetherin. In this review, we summarize the known molecular details of the interaction between Vpu and tetherin, and also discuss how tetherin is targeted by other viral antagonists. Following our summary, it is evident that each of the intracellular, transmembrane and extracellular domains of tetherin can become the target of viral antagonists for counteraction.
Keywords: HIV, Vpu, tetherin, Nef, Envelope, CD4, transmembrane domain, NMR, TM, residues
Current HIV Research
Title:Transmembrane Interactions of HIV-1 Vpu and Tetherin
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): Fei Guo and Chen Liang
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV, Vpu, tetherin, Nef, Envelope, CD4, transmembrane domain, NMR, TM, residues
Abstract: Tetherin is a type II membrane protein that bears a N-terminal transmembrane domain, an extracellular coiledcoil structure and a C-terminal GPI anchor. This unique topology allows tetherin to block the release of a wide range of enveloped viruses from the cell surface. In order to overcome this host restriction, viruses have evolved various counter measures. In the case of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the viral protein U (Vpu) is able to downmodulate cell surface tetherin, thus removing tetherin molecules from the site of virus budding. This activity of Vpu depends on its direct interaction with tetherin. In this review, we summarize the known molecular details of the interaction between Vpu and tetherin, and also discuss how tetherin is targeted by other viral antagonists. Following our summary, it is evident that each of the intracellular, transmembrane and extracellular domains of tetherin can become the target of viral antagonists for counteraction.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Guo Fei and Liang Chen, Transmembrane Interactions of HIV-1 Vpu and Tetherin, Current HIV Research 2012; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016212800792450
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016212800792450 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genetics and Epigenetics of Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Development of Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering: Biomaterial Mediated Neovascularization
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Review of Clinic Trials: Agents Targeting c-Met
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Retrovirus Translation Initiation: Issues and Hypotheses Derived from Study of HIV-1
Current HIV Research Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effect of <i>Iris taochia</i> Plant Extracts on Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells
Current Proteomics Chemokine Receptor-directed Agents as Novel Anti-HIV-1 Therapies
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cancer and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibition
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Angiogenic Drugs and Biomarkers in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: 'A Hard Days Night'
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prevalence of HIV in Patients with Malignancy and of Malignancy in HIV Patients in a Tertiary Care Center from North India
Current HIV Research Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Relationship with mTOR Signaling and Oxidative Damage in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Scatter Factor Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Associated Target in Cancer Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Review of Pathophysiology and Current Novel Treatment Approaches
Current Cancer Drug Targets Selective Activation of Intracellular Signalling Pathways in Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry <sup>177</sup>Lu-Labeled Agents for Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy and Bone Pain Palliation in Uruguay
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Nutlins and Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Virus-Like Particles as Particulate Vaccines
Current HIV Research Current Targets for Anticancer Drug Discovery
Current Drug Targets Autophagy Fails to Alter Withaferin A-Mediated Lethality in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Current Cancer Drug Targets Analysis of the Concordance in the EGFR Pathway Status Between Primary Tumors and Related Metastases of Colorectal Cancer Patients:Implications for Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets