Abstract
A HIV Vaccine, particularly that based on recombinant proteins and plasmid DNA, is likely to be less reactogenic than traditional vaccines, but also less immunogenic. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new and improved adjuvants and delivery system for combination with HIV vaccine antigens. Adjuvants can be broadly separated into two classes, based on their principal mechanisms of action; “vaccine delivery systems” and “immunostimulatory adjuvants”. Vaccine delivery systems are generally particulate formulations e.g. emulsions, microparticles, iscoms and liposomes, and mainly function to target associated antigens into antigen presenting cells (APC). In contrast, immunostimulatory adjuvants are predominantly derived from pathogens and often represent pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP) e.g. LPS, MPL, CpG DNA, which activate cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of more potent adjuvants may allow the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HIV. In addition, new adjuvants may also allow vaccines to be delivered mucosally.
Keywords: hiv vaccine adjuvants, immunostimulators, vaccine delivery systems, microparticles, emulsions
Current HIV Research
Title: Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants For Infectious Diseases
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
Author(s): Manmohan Singh and Indresh Srivastava
Affiliation:
Keywords: hiv vaccine adjuvants, immunostimulators, vaccine delivery systems, microparticles, emulsions
Abstract: A HIV Vaccine, particularly that based on recombinant proteins and plasmid DNA, is likely to be less reactogenic than traditional vaccines, but also less immunogenic. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new and improved adjuvants and delivery system for combination with HIV vaccine antigens. Adjuvants can be broadly separated into two classes, based on their principal mechanisms of action; “vaccine delivery systems” and “immunostimulatory adjuvants”. Vaccine delivery systems are generally particulate formulations e.g. emulsions, microparticles, iscoms and liposomes, and mainly function to target associated antigens into antigen presenting cells (APC). In contrast, immunostimulatory adjuvants are predominantly derived from pathogens and often represent pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP) e.g. LPS, MPL, CpG DNA, which activate cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of more potent adjuvants may allow the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HIV. In addition, new adjuvants may also allow vaccines to be delivered mucosally.
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Cite this article as:
Singh Manmohan and Srivastava Indresh, Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants For Infectious Diseases, Current HIV Research 2003; 1 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162033485195
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162033485195 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
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