Ribonucleases, Nucleases and Antiangiogenins in Antiproliferative Activities

Josef      Matousek

Abstract

The animal ribonucleases and plant nucleases are selective cytotoxic enzymes with several biological activities inclusively also with antitumorous effects. The first attention from animal researches is dated to 1938 year, meanwhile plant enzyme investigators awoke their attention in last time. The bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, after the first structurally studies, allured very soon the peoples with functionally interests. The results of studies directed to antitumor effect were firstly very weak. The latter isolated bovine seminal ribonuclease was more effective from this aspect. Also human pancreatic ribonuclease stimulated interest about its antitumor activity what was realized by its dimerization and other molecular studies. Ribonuclease inhibitors have been very limited substances in the cytotoxicity of antitumor effectivity. On the other side a conjugation of cytostatic enzymes with polymers enhanced the antitumor activity of them and lowered their toxicity.

Plants as producers of new engineered pharmaceuticals are becoming a very attractive tool to improve human health. In last years the main attention from the plant antitumor effects begun to devote to plant ribonucleases and mainly nucleases I. These nucleases, major plant sugar non-specific endonucleases form rather heterogenous group of catalytically related enzymes. An important property that suggests intimate heterogeneity within the nuclease group is the specificity towards secondary structures of nucleic acids and the ability to cleave different homopolymers.

Angiogenin, as RNase initiates vascularization of tumors and subsequent tumor growth. The new substances against angiogenin and its process angiogenesis are now in the centrum of antitumor-effort.

The combination of these three main substances – ribonuclease, nucleases and antiangiogenins seems to be perspective for further studies. The preliminary results with some of them (bovine pancreatic RNase A, or bovine seminal BS-RNase with tomato recombinant nuclease and antiangiogenesis neamine, hyaluronidase, and melatonin is our first step.

Keywords: Angiogenin, anticancer, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, effect, human, nuclease, plant, ribonuclease, cell, therapy, traumatic, brain, injury, adult, pediatric, primary, secondary, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, functional, recovery, endogenuis, exogenius, factors, dedifferentiation, pluripotent, multipotent, Proliferation, Survival, Precursor cells