Abstract
In the adult nervous system, the major source of nucleotide synthesis is the salvage pathway. Uridine is the major form of pyrimidine nucleosides taken up by the brain. Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are used for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as for the synthesis of membrane constituents and glycosylation. Uridine nucleotides and UDP-sugars may be released from neuronal and glial cells. Plasmamembrane receptors of 7 transmembrane domains have been identified that recognize UTP, UDP, and UDP-sugar conjugates. These receptors are called P2Y2 and P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y14 receptors, respectively. In addition, binding sites for uridine itself have also been suggested. Furthermore, uridine administration had sleep-promoting and anti-epileptic actions, improved memory function and affected neuronal plasticity. Information only starts to be accumulating on potential mechanisms of these uridine actions. Some data are available on the topographical distribution of pyrimidine receptors and binding sites in the brain, however, their exact role in neuronal functions is not established yet. There is also a scarcity of data regarding the brain distribution of other components of the pyrimidine metabolism although site specific functions exerted by their receptors might require different metabolic support. Despite the gaps in our knowledge on the neuronal functions of pyrimidine nucleosides, their therapeutic utilization is appealing. They have been suggested for the treatment of epileptic and neurodegenerative diseases as neuroprotective agents. In addition, the development of traditional drugs acting specifically on pyrimidine receptor subtypes is also promising as a new direction to treat neurological disorders.
Keywords: Epilepsy, neural function, neuronal plasticity, nucleoside transport, nucleotide receptor, pyrimidine salvage, sleep, therapeutic application, salvage pathway, glycosylation, sleep-promoting and anti-epileptic actions, pyrimidine metabolism, neuronal functions of pyrimidine nucleosides, treatment of epileptic and neurodegenerative diseases, neuroprotective agents, neurological disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Uridine Function in the Central Nervous System
Volume: 11 Issue: 8
Author(s): Arpad Dobolyi, Gabor Juhasz, Zsolt Kovacs and Julianna Kardos
Affiliation:
Keywords: Epilepsy, neural function, neuronal plasticity, nucleoside transport, nucleotide receptor, pyrimidine salvage, sleep, therapeutic application, salvage pathway, glycosylation, sleep-promoting and anti-epileptic actions, pyrimidine metabolism, neuronal functions of pyrimidine nucleosides, treatment of epileptic and neurodegenerative diseases, neuroprotective agents, neurological disorders
Abstract: In the adult nervous system, the major source of nucleotide synthesis is the salvage pathway. Uridine is the major form of pyrimidine nucleosides taken up by the brain. Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are used for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as for the synthesis of membrane constituents and glycosylation. Uridine nucleotides and UDP-sugars may be released from neuronal and glial cells. Plasmamembrane receptors of 7 transmembrane domains have been identified that recognize UTP, UDP, and UDP-sugar conjugates. These receptors are called P2Y2 and P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y14 receptors, respectively. In addition, binding sites for uridine itself have also been suggested. Furthermore, uridine administration had sleep-promoting and anti-epileptic actions, improved memory function and affected neuronal plasticity. Information only starts to be accumulating on potential mechanisms of these uridine actions. Some data are available on the topographical distribution of pyrimidine receptors and binding sites in the brain, however, their exact role in neuronal functions is not established yet. There is also a scarcity of data regarding the brain distribution of other components of the pyrimidine metabolism although site specific functions exerted by their receptors might require different metabolic support. Despite the gaps in our knowledge on the neuronal functions of pyrimidine nucleosides, their therapeutic utilization is appealing. They have been suggested for the treatment of epileptic and neurodegenerative diseases as neuroprotective agents. In addition, the development of traditional drugs acting specifically on pyrimidine receptor subtypes is also promising as a new direction to treat neurological disorders.
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Cite this article as:
Dobolyi Arpad, Juhasz Gabor, Kovacs Zsolt and Kardos Julianna, Uridine Function in the Central Nervous System, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 11 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802611795347618
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802611795347618 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
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