Abstract
Non-ionic surfactants have been proposed as dual action anti-viral and spermicidal agents to tackle viral infections, namely HIV. Given very promising in vitro results, nonoxynol-9 has been widely used. However, toxic effects were reported, paradoxically increasing the incidence of transmission of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Diseases in vivo. Thus, there has been a growing interest in identifying and evaluating a new generation of accessible and easy-to-use molecules with simultaneous spermicidal and microbicide action. Different biochemical compounds and mechanisms of action are currently being studied. This article reviews the diverse strategies and mechanisms of action of these novel compounds, as well the necessary systematic studies needed to evaluate their possible toxicity.
Keywords: HIV infection, sperm, contraception, spermicides, antiretroviral agents, female reproductive tract
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Spermicides, Microbicides and Antiviral Agents: Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Multi-Functional Compounds
Volume: 9 Issue: 13
Author(s): Marta Baptista and Joao Ramalho-Santos
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV infection, sperm, contraception, spermicides, antiretroviral agents, female reproductive tract
Abstract: Non-ionic surfactants have been proposed as dual action anti-viral and spermicidal agents to tackle viral infections, namely HIV. Given very promising in vitro results, nonoxynol-9 has been widely used. However, toxic effects were reported, paradoxically increasing the incidence of transmission of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Diseases in vivo. Thus, there has been a growing interest in identifying and evaluating a new generation of accessible and easy-to-use molecules with simultaneous spermicidal and microbicide action. Different biochemical compounds and mechanisms of action are currently being studied. This article reviews the diverse strategies and mechanisms of action of these novel compounds, as well the necessary systematic studies needed to evaluate their possible toxicity.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Baptista Marta and Ramalho-Santos Joao, Spermicides, Microbicides and Antiviral Agents: Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Multi-Functional Compounds, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 9 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955709790361548
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955709790361548 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
Natural Products in Drug Discovery
Natural products have always been one of the important ways of drug discovery due to their novel skeleton and diverse functional group characteristics. According to statistics, between 1981 and 2019, the FDA approved a total of 1,394 small molecule drugs for marketing, of which 930 marketed drugs originated from the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Excess Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk is not Manifested in all Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Current Vascular Pharmacology Nuclear Export as a Novel Therapeutic Target: The CRM1 Connection
Current Cancer Drug Targets Current and Future Applications of Probiotics
Current Nutrition & Food Science The Promises and Challenges of the Use of Genomics in the Prescription of Exercise for Hypertension: The 2013 Update
Current Hypertension Reviews Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme - New Insights into Structure, Biological Significance and Prospects for Domain-Selective Inhibitors
Current Enzyme Inhibition Why Should We Keep the Cerebellum in Mind When Thinking About Addiction?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews The Etiology of Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome Part Two: The Gene-Environment Interaction
Current Vascular Pharmacology Treatment of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders and Co-Occurring Internalizing Disorders: A Critical Review and Proposed Model
Current Drug Abuse Reviews New Trends in Fiber-Optic Chemical and Biological Sensors
Current Analytical Chemistry Recent Patents in Diagnosis and Treatment for Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Cholesterol, Copper and Aβ in Controls, MCI, AD and the AD Cholesterol- Lowering Treatment Trial (ADCLT)
Current Alzheimer Research Food Allergy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Possible Involvement of Muscarinic Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders: A Focus on Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
Current Molecular Medicine Targeting the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR3/CXCR7: Phase 1 - Phage Display Peptide Identification and Characterization
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Specific Immune Intervention with Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Development of personalized molecular therapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Carnitine Metabolism and Deficit - When Supplementation is Necessary?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Ovarian Cancer
Current Drug Metabolism Preface [Hot Topic:Inflammatory Markers and Mediators: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (Guest Editor: Samuel Dagogo-Jack, MD)].
Current Drug Targets Arsenic Immunotoxicity and Immunomodulation by Phytochemicals: Potential Relations to Develop Chemopreventive Approaches
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery