Title: Mechanisms of the Resistance and Tolerance to Beta-Lactam and Glycopeptide Antibiotics in Pathogenic Gram-Positive Cocci
VOLUME: 9 ISSUE: 13
Author(s):A. Mlynarczyk, B. Mlynarczyk, M. Kmera-Muszynska, S. Majewski and G. Mlynarczyk
Affiliation:Department of Medical Microbiology, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Keywords:Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, antibiotic resistance, SCCmec, plasmids, transposons
Abstract: Beta-lactams are the most frequently used antimicrobials in combating infections. In the case of gram-positive bacteria resistant to beta-lactams, glycopeptides are the first choice. The occurrence, mechanisms and genetic background of the resistance of pathogenic staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics were discussed. The resistances to well-established antimicrobials, as well as new agents (ceftobiprole, oritavancin, telavancin, dalbavancin) were taken into consideration in the text.
