Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a glycoprotein hormone with important functions in inflammation and apoptosis. It plays a significant role as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the defense against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, it influences energy homeostasis and has an anorexigenic effect on the hypothalamus. TNF-α has also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders such as depression or narcolepsy. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone which primarily regulates eating behavior through modulation of expression of orexigenic peptides in the hypothalamus. Ghrelin administration increases food intake and body weight, while weight loss in turn increases ghrelin levels. Secondly, it posesses anti-inflammatory properties. It also seems to have an impact on mental health as it is has been suggested to have antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, TNF-α and ghrelin seem to have opposite effects regarding the hypothalamic regulation of eating behavior, modulation of the immune response and the state of mental health.
Keywords: TNF-alpha, TNF receptor, ghrelin, appetite, immune system, psychiatric disorders, psychopharmacological drugs
Protein & Peptide Letters
Title: TNF-α and Ghrelin: Opposite Effects on Immune System, Metabolism and Mental Health
Volume: 17 Issue: 2
Author(s): Hubertus Himmerich and Abigail J. Sheldrick
Affiliation:
Keywords: TNF-alpha, TNF receptor, ghrelin, appetite, immune system, psychiatric disorders, psychopharmacological drugs
Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a glycoprotein hormone with important functions in inflammation and apoptosis. It plays a significant role as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the defense against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, it influences energy homeostasis and has an anorexigenic effect on the hypothalamus. TNF-α has also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders such as depression or narcolepsy. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone which primarily regulates eating behavior through modulation of expression of orexigenic peptides in the hypothalamus. Ghrelin administration increases food intake and body weight, while weight loss in turn increases ghrelin levels. Secondly, it posesses anti-inflammatory properties. It also seems to have an impact on mental health as it is has been suggested to have antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, TNF-α and ghrelin seem to have opposite effects regarding the hypothalamic regulation of eating behavior, modulation of the immune response and the state of mental health.
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Cite this article as:
Himmerich Hubertus and Sheldrick J. Abigail, TNF-α and Ghrelin: Opposite Effects on Immune System, Metabolism and Mental Health, Protein & Peptide Letters 2010; 17 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986610790225941
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986610790225941 |
Print ISSN 0929-8665 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5305 |
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