Abstract
This article presents a new paradigm of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs): the Auto-Contractive Maps (Auto- CM). The Auto-CM differ from the traditional ANNs under many viewpoints: the Auto-CM start their learning task without a random initialization of their weights, they meet their convergence criterion when all their output nodes become null, their weights matrix develops a data driven warping of the original Euclidean space, they show suitable topological properties, etc. Further two new algorithms, theoretically linked to Auto-CM are presented: the first one is useful to evaluate the complexity and the topological information of any kind of connected graph: the H Function is the index to measure the global hubness of the graph generated by the Auto-CM weights matrix. The second one is named Maximally Regular Graph (MRG) and it is an development of the traditionally Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). Finally, Auto-CM and MRG, with the support of the H Function, are applied to a real complex dataset about Alzheimer disease: this data come from the very known Nuns Study, where variables measuring the abilities of normal and Alzheimer subject during their lifespan and variables measuring the number of the plaques and of the tangles in their brain after their death. The example of the Alzheimer data base is extremely useful to figure out how this new approach can help to re design bottom-up the overall structure of factors related to a complex disease like this.
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, contractive maps, artificial adaptive systems, theory of graph, minimum spanning tree, Alzheimer disease, nun study
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Auto-Contractive Maps: An Artificial Adaptive System for Data Mining. An Application to Alzheimer Disease
Volume: 5 Issue: 5
Author(s): Massimo Buscema, Enzo Grossi, Dave Snowdon and Piero Antuono
Affiliation:
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, contractive maps, artificial adaptive systems, theory of graph, minimum spanning tree, Alzheimer disease, nun study
Abstract: This article presents a new paradigm of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs): the Auto-Contractive Maps (Auto- CM). The Auto-CM differ from the traditional ANNs under many viewpoints: the Auto-CM start their learning task without a random initialization of their weights, they meet their convergence criterion when all their output nodes become null, their weights matrix develops a data driven warping of the original Euclidean space, they show suitable topological properties, etc. Further two new algorithms, theoretically linked to Auto-CM are presented: the first one is useful to evaluate the complexity and the topological information of any kind of connected graph: the H Function is the index to measure the global hubness of the graph generated by the Auto-CM weights matrix. The second one is named Maximally Regular Graph (MRG) and it is an development of the traditionally Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). Finally, Auto-CM and MRG, with the support of the H Function, are applied to a real complex dataset about Alzheimer disease: this data come from the very known Nuns Study, where variables measuring the abilities of normal and Alzheimer subject during their lifespan and variables measuring the number of the plaques and of the tangles in their brain after their death. The example of the Alzheimer data base is extremely useful to figure out how this new approach can help to re design bottom-up the overall structure of factors related to a complex disease like this.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Buscema Massimo, Grossi Enzo, Snowdon Dave and Antuono Piero, Auto-Contractive Maps: An Artificial Adaptive System for Data Mining. An Application to Alzheimer Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2008; 5 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720508785908928
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720508785908928 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Normobaric Hyperoxia and Evaluation of Group I and II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Current Neurovascular Research Zn(L-proline)2: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalytic System for the Asymmetric Multicomponent Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes in Water Under Controlled Microwave Heating
Current Microwave Chemistry The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) Inhibitor Zileuton Reduces Inflammation and Infarct Size with Improvement in Neurological Outcome Following Cerebral Ischemia
Current Neurovascular Research A Review of Voltammetric Methods for Determination of Dopamine Agonists
Current Analytical Chemistry QSAR Modeling of Histamine H3R Antagonists/inverse Agonists as Future Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Medicinal and Biological Significance of Phenoxazine Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry In Silico Analysis of Binding Interaction of Mamba Toxins with M4 and M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Therapeutic Use in Alzheimer’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Impaired Quality Control of Mitochondria Underlying the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Drug Targets Stress-driven Discovery of Natural Products from Extreme Marine Environment- Kueishantao Hydrothermal Vent, a Case Study of Metal Switch Valve
Current Organic Chemistry Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Double-blind Clinical Trial by Escitalopram in Male Patients
Current Psychopharmacology Gene Expression Profile Classification: A Review
Current Bioinformatics Nicotinic Receptor Mutant Mice in the Study of Autonomic Function
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Inhibition of Sphingomyelin Hydrolysis: Targeting the Lipid Mediator Ceramide as a Key Regulator of Cellular Fate
Current Medicinal Chemistry Characteristics of Insulin-degrading Enzyme in Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Current Alzheimer Research Recent Patents on Novel P2X7 Receptor Antagonists and their Potential for Reducing Central Nervous System Inflammation
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry: What Have We Learned About The Heart?
Current Cardiology Reviews Immune System Modulators with Antidepressant Effects: Evidence from Animal Models
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Zolpidem Therapy for Movement Disorders
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Patterns of Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage in Adult Patients with Bilateral and Unilateral Moyamoya Disease
Current Neurovascular Research The Glutamatergic Hypothesis for Down Syndrome: The Potential Use of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists to Enhance Cognition and Decelerate Neurodegeneration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets