Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy with potent combinations of drugs has been responsible for a significant decline in the occurrences of AIDS defining conditions and death in the developed world. However, therapy requires lifelong use and is complicated by relatively high failure rates, significant toxicities, adherence difficulties and the development of resistance. The combination of these complications of therapy and the availability of this treatment to only 1 in 20 of the estimated 34 million people infected world wide has prompted us to reconsider the current strategies for achieving the goals of HIV therapy. A more rational approach to therapeutic interactions is needed, particularly with respect to therapy in the developing world, with the focus shifted towards maintaining relative viral control over the long term. One potential mechanism to attain viral control over the long term is the use of therapeutic vaccines. This chapter will review the scientific rationale for therapeutic HIV-1 vaccines and the vaccines that have been evaluated as a therapeutic to date including recombinant envelope glycoproteins, inactivated envelope depletd virus, regulatory proteins such as Tat, cytokines such as IFN-α, DNA vaccines, and live viral vectors. Although the future role of therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of HIV-1 remains to be determined, at a minimum this immunomodulatory approach will provide new insights into fundamental viral-host cell interactions and the pathogenesis of HIV-1. Yet even more notable, is that, if successful, a therapeutic vaccine product would be inexpensive and rapidly exportable representing a treatment strategy for people living with HIV infection worldwide.
Keywords: hiv, vaccin, therapeutic vaccines, immunotherapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Therapeutic HIV Vaccines
Volume: 3 Issue: 13
Author(s): Bruce L. Gilliam and Robert R. Redfield
Affiliation:
Keywords: hiv, vaccin, therapeutic vaccines, immunotherapy
Abstract: Antiretroviral therapy with potent combinations of drugs has been responsible for a significant decline in the occurrences of AIDS defining conditions and death in the developed world. However, therapy requires lifelong use and is complicated by relatively high failure rates, significant toxicities, adherence difficulties and the development of resistance. The combination of these complications of therapy and the availability of this treatment to only 1 in 20 of the estimated 34 million people infected world wide has prompted us to reconsider the current strategies for achieving the goals of HIV therapy. A more rational approach to therapeutic interactions is needed, particularly with respect to therapy in the developing world, with the focus shifted towards maintaining relative viral control over the long term. One potential mechanism to attain viral control over the long term is the use of therapeutic vaccines. This chapter will review the scientific rationale for therapeutic HIV-1 vaccines and the vaccines that have been evaluated as a therapeutic to date including recombinant envelope glycoproteins, inactivated envelope depletd virus, regulatory proteins such as Tat, cytokines such as IFN-α, DNA vaccines, and live viral vectors. Although the future role of therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of HIV-1 remains to be determined, at a minimum this immunomodulatory approach will provide new insights into fundamental viral-host cell interactions and the pathogenesis of HIV-1. Yet even more notable, is that, if successful, a therapeutic vaccine product would be inexpensive and rapidly exportable representing a treatment strategy for people living with HIV infection worldwide.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gilliam L. Bruce and Redfield R. Robert, Therapeutic HIV Vaccines, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2003; 3 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026033451772
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026033451772 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Scope of Nanotechnology-based Radiation Therapy and Thermotherapy Methods in Cancer Treatment
Current Cancer Drug Targets Clinical Considerations of Focal Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment
Current Drug Delivery Imiquimod 5% Cream Use in Dermatology, Side Effects and Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Structural Characterization of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins by Circular Dichroism
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Curcumin and its Formulations: Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Current Strategy for Cisplatin Delivery
Current Cancer Drug Targets Antisense Technology: A Selective Tool for Gene Expression Regulation and Gene Targeting
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Tumor Escape from Immune Response: Mechanisms and Targets of Activity
Current Drug Targets Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals for Sex Steroid Hormone Receptor Imaging
Current Medicinal Chemistry Preclinical and Clinical Studies on the Use of Stem Cells for Bone Repair: A Systematic Review
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Selection of Active Antiviral Compounds Against COVID-19 Disease Targeting Coronavirus Endoribonuclease Nendou/NSP15 Via Ligandbased Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) in Regenerative Medicine: Molecular Mechanism for PPAR in Stem Cells’ Adipocyte Differentiation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Studies of p53 Tumor Suppression Activity in Mouse Models
Current Genomics Telomere Recombination and the ALT Pathway: A Therapeutic Perspective for Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Impact of the Somatotrope Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Axis Upon Thymus Function: Pharmacological Implications in Regeneration of Immune Functions
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) New Approaches With Natural Product Drugs for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Soluble Guanylate Cyclase: A New Therapeutic Target for Fibrotic Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Telomeres, Telomerase and Malignant Transformation
Current Molecular Medicine Tumor Suppression by DNA Base Excision Repair
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The mTOR Pathway: A New Target in Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets