Abstract
NAMI-A, i. e. (imH)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(im)] (im = imidazole, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide), is a Ru(III) complex that, after extensive preclinical investigations that evidenced its remarkable and specific activity against metastases, has recently and successfully completed a Phase I trial (first ruthenium complex ever to reach clinical testing). This review article, after a brief summary of the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of NAMI-A, focuses on the development of new classes of ruthenium complexes originated from the NAMI-A frame. In particular, the chemical and biological features of the following classes of compounds will be treated: i) NAMI-A-type complexes, derived from NAMI-A by changing the nature of the N-ligand, ii) dinuclear NAMI-A-type compounds containing heterocyclic bridging N-N ligands, iii) new Ru-dmso nitrosyls broadly derived from NAMI-A-type complexes. Several of these new compounds were found to have antimetastatic activity comparable to, or even better than, NAMI-A; however, the nature of the target(s) responsible for the antimetastatic activity remains unclear. Common to any type of NAMI-A-type compound, both monomeric and dimeric, cell cytotoxicity (which is generally very low) is not sufficient to explain their potent and peculiar antitumor activity. All active NAMI-A-type compounds share the capacity to modify important parameters of metastasis such as tumor invasion, matrix metallo proteinases activity and cell cycle progression.
Keywords: ruthenium, dimethylsulfoxide, anticancer, antimetastatic, inorganic medicinal chemistry
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Ruthenium Antimetastatic Agents
Volume: 4 Issue: 15
Author(s): Enzo Alessio, Giovanni Mestroni, Alberta Bergamo and Gianni Sava
Affiliation:
Keywords: ruthenium, dimethylsulfoxide, anticancer, antimetastatic, inorganic medicinal chemistry
Abstract: NAMI-A, i. e. (imH)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(im)] (im = imidazole, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide), is a Ru(III) complex that, after extensive preclinical investigations that evidenced its remarkable and specific activity against metastases, has recently and successfully completed a Phase I trial (first ruthenium complex ever to reach clinical testing). This review article, after a brief summary of the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of NAMI-A, focuses on the development of new classes of ruthenium complexes originated from the NAMI-A frame. In particular, the chemical and biological features of the following classes of compounds will be treated: i) NAMI-A-type complexes, derived from NAMI-A by changing the nature of the N-ligand, ii) dinuclear NAMI-A-type compounds containing heterocyclic bridging N-N ligands, iii) new Ru-dmso nitrosyls broadly derived from NAMI-A-type complexes. Several of these new compounds were found to have antimetastatic activity comparable to, or even better than, NAMI-A; however, the nature of the target(s) responsible for the antimetastatic activity remains unclear. Common to any type of NAMI-A-type compound, both monomeric and dimeric, cell cytotoxicity (which is generally very low) is not sufficient to explain their potent and peculiar antitumor activity. All active NAMI-A-type compounds share the capacity to modify important parameters of metastasis such as tumor invasion, matrix metallo proteinases activity and cell cycle progression.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Enzo Alessio , Giovanni Mestroni , Alberta Bergamo and Gianni Sava , Ruthenium Antimetastatic Agents, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 4 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026043387421
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026043387421 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Development of Radicicol Analogues
Current Cancer Drug Targets Humoral Immunity in HIV-1 Exposure: Cause or Effect of HIV Resistance?
Current HIV Research Natural Products Targeting Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway as Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Glycoconjugates in Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Possible Molecular Interactions of Bexarotene - A Retinoid Drug and Alzheimer's Aβ Peptide: A Docking Study
Current Alzheimer Research Antibody Based Therapies in Acute Leukemia
Current Drug Targets Susceptibility Risk Alleles of -238G/A, -308G/A and -1031T/C Promoter Polymorphisms of TNF-α Gene to Uterine Leiomyomas
Recent Advances in DNA & Gene Sequences (Discontinued) Protein Kinase C – Possible Therapeutic Target to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Liposomes as Versatile Platform for Cancer Theranostics: Therapy, Bio-imaging, and Toxicological Aspects
Current Pharmaceutical Design STAT3 and Its Phosphorylation are Involved in HIV-1 Tat-Induced Transactivation of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
Current HIV Research Editorial (Thematic Issue: Thyroid Hormones. From Molecular Signaling to Human Disease: An Update)
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) New Entrants into Clinical Trials for Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer: An Insight
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Characterization by Means of IR, 1H, 13C - NMR and Biological Investigations on New Diorganotin Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Possibilities of Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) in the Formulation of Nanomedicines Against Cancer
Current Drug Targets When Ubiquitin Meets NF-κB: A Trove for Anti-cancer Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanoscale Membrane Organization and Receptor Signaling in T- Lymphocytes
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Emerging Molecular Targets for Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque using Positron Emission Tomography
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Toll-Like Receptors: Cost or Benefit for Cancer?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Meet Our Associate Editor
MicroRNA Paclitaxel Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacologic Manipulation
Current Cancer Drug Targets