Abstract
Leptin and ghrelin are novel peptide hormones which are counter-regulatory in the central control of appetite. More recently, it has become clear that these hormones have a range of effects on the cardiovascular system. Leptin increases sympathetic activity, producing a pressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. However, leptin produces vasodilation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism peripherally. Ghrelin decreases sympathetic activity and has a depressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. Peripherally, ghrelin produces vasodilation by an endothelium- independent mechanism. Ghrelin improves left ventricular function and cardiac cachexia in heart failure. Leptin may contribute to cardiac cachexia, and to obesity-related cardiomyopathy by a variety of mechanisms. Leptin has proinflammatory, proliferative and calcification promoting effects in the vasculature. Ghrelin has recently been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the vasculature. Leptin may also produce a pro-thrombotic state through stimulation of platelet aggregation and inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The evidence for and against these effects as well as their pathophysiological significance in obesity hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and thrombosis are discussed.
Keywords: leptin, ghrelin, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: The Emerging Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Volume: 3 Issue: 2
Author(s): Vijay Sharma and John H. McNeill
Affiliation:
Keywords: leptin, ghrelin, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis
Abstract: Leptin and ghrelin are novel peptide hormones which are counter-regulatory in the central control of appetite. More recently, it has become clear that these hormones have a range of effects on the cardiovascular system. Leptin increases sympathetic activity, producing a pressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. However, leptin produces vasodilation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism peripherally. Ghrelin decreases sympathetic activity and has a depressor effect when acting on the central nervous system. Peripherally, ghrelin produces vasodilation by an endothelium- independent mechanism. Ghrelin improves left ventricular function and cardiac cachexia in heart failure. Leptin may contribute to cardiac cachexia, and to obesity-related cardiomyopathy by a variety of mechanisms. Leptin has proinflammatory, proliferative and calcification promoting effects in the vasculature. Ghrelin has recently been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the vasculature. Leptin may also produce a pro-thrombotic state through stimulation of platelet aggregation and inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The evidence for and against these effects as well as their pathophysiological significance in obesity hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and thrombosis are discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sharma Vijay and McNeill H. John, The Emerging Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2005; 3 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161053586868
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161053586868 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Editorial (Thematic Issue Title: Myocardial Cell Death: Molecular Mechanisms & Drug Targets)
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Selectivity Problems with Drugs Acting on Cardiac Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels
Current Medicinal Chemistry Physiological and Pathological Role of TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4 Channels in Heart
Current Cardiology Reviews Stem Cells: In Sickness and in Health
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy A PHACES Syndrome Unmasked by Propranolol Interruption in a Tetralogy of Fallot Patient: Case Report and Extensive Review on New Indications of Beta Blockers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of CD73 in Disease: Promising Prognostic Indicator and Therapeutic Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: Prevalence, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Current Cardiology Reviews Testosterone and Cardioprotection Against Myocardial Ischemia
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment: From Molecular Level to Nanotechnology)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cathinone Neurotoxicity (“The “3Ms”)
Current Neuropharmacology Biological Activities of Receptor-interacting Protein 140 in Adipocytes and Metabolic Diseases
Current Diabetes Reviews Possible Involvement of TRP Channels in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Arrhythmia
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cellular Mechanisms for Diastolic Dysfunction in the Human Heart
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Effectiveness of Resveratrol Against Cardiovascular Disease
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Current Neurovascular Research Cardiac Chamber Volumetric Assessment Using 3D Ultrasound - A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulation of Inflammation and Myocardial Fibrosis in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Anti Diabetic Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of <i>Psoralea corylifolia</i> L. & <i>Psoralea esculenta</i> L. Seeds in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats and Histopathological Changes in Diabetic Rats Pancreas: A Comparative Study
The Natural Products Journal Fibrates in the Chemical Action of Daunorubicin
Current Cancer Drug Targets A Novel Long-circulating DOX Liposome: Formulation and Pharmacokinetics Studies
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology