Abstract
Benzene is a carcinogenic compound used in industrial manufacturing and a common environmental pollutant mostly derived from vehicle emissions and cigarette smoke. Benzene exposure is associated with a variety of clinical conditions ranging from hematologic diseases to chronic lung disorders. Beside its direct toxicity, benzene exerts multiple effects after being converted to reactive metabolites such as hydroquinone and benzoquinone. Mast cells and basophils are primary effector cells involved in the development of respiratory allergies such as rhinitis and bronchial asthma and they play an important role in innate immunity. Benzene and its metabolites can influence mast cell and basophil responses either directly or by interfering with other cells, such as T cells, macrophages and monocytes, which are functionally connected to mast cells and basophils. Hydroquinone and benzoquinone inhibit the release of preformed mediators, leukotriene synthesis and cytokine production in human basophils stimulated by IgE- and non IgE-mediated agonists. Furthermore, these metabolites reduce IgE-mediated degranulation of mast cells and the development of allergic lung inflammation in rats. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that benzene metabolites alter biochemical and functional activities of other immunocompetent cells and may impair immune responses in the lung. These inhibitory effects of benzene metabolites are primarily mediated by interference with early transduction signals such as PI3 kinase. Together, currently available studies indicate that benzene metabolites interfere by multiple mechanisms with the role of basophils and mast cells in innate immunity and in chronic inflammation in the lung.
Keywords: Mast cells, basophils, benzene, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, histamine, cytokines, rhinitis, bronchial asthma, inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Modulation of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions by Benzene Metabolites
Volume: 17 Issue: 34
Author(s): Massimo Triggiani, Stefania Loffredo, Francescopaolo Granata, Rosaria I. Staiano and Gianni Marone
Affiliation:
Keywords: Mast cells, basophils, benzene, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, histamine, cytokines, rhinitis, bronchial asthma, inflammation
Abstract: Benzene is a carcinogenic compound used in industrial manufacturing and a common environmental pollutant mostly derived from vehicle emissions and cigarette smoke. Benzene exposure is associated with a variety of clinical conditions ranging from hematologic diseases to chronic lung disorders. Beside its direct toxicity, benzene exerts multiple effects after being converted to reactive metabolites such as hydroquinone and benzoquinone. Mast cells and basophils are primary effector cells involved in the development of respiratory allergies such as rhinitis and bronchial asthma and they play an important role in innate immunity. Benzene and its metabolites can influence mast cell and basophil responses either directly or by interfering with other cells, such as T cells, macrophages and monocytes, which are functionally connected to mast cells and basophils. Hydroquinone and benzoquinone inhibit the release of preformed mediators, leukotriene synthesis and cytokine production in human basophils stimulated by IgE- and non IgE-mediated agonists. Furthermore, these metabolites reduce IgE-mediated degranulation of mast cells and the development of allergic lung inflammation in rats. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that benzene metabolites alter biochemical and functional activities of other immunocompetent cells and may impair immune responses in the lung. These inhibitory effects of benzene metabolites are primarily mediated by interference with early transduction signals such as PI3 kinase. Together, currently available studies indicate that benzene metabolites interfere by multiple mechanisms with the role of basophils and mast cells in innate immunity and in chronic inflammation in the lung.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Triggiani Massimo, Loffredo Stefania, Granata Francescopaolo, I. Staiano Rosaria and Marone Gianni, Modulation of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions by Benzene Metabolites, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357863
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357863 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Ocular Application of Macrobiomolecules in Anti-Allergy and Anti- Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Beta-Blockers as First Line Treatment of Hypertension: A Proponents View
Current Hypertension Reviews Autoantibody Reaction to Myelin Basic Protein by Plasma Parvovirus B19 IgG in MS Patients
Protein & Peptide Letters Regulatory Role of the α7nAChR in Cancer
Current Drug Targets Administration of a Synbiotic to Free-Living Elderly and Evaluation of Serum Cytokines. A Pilot Study
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Selectin Therapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Use of STAT1 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Brain I/R Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Nervous System as a Critical Regulator of Immune Responses Underlying Allergy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Viral Anti-Inflammatory Reagents: The Potential for Treatment of Arthritic and Vasculitic Disorders
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Headliner in Physiology and Management of Childhood Asthma: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Current Pediatric Reviews Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Solubility Enhancement and Delivery Systems of Curcumin a Herbal Medicine: A Review
Current Drug Delivery Inhibitors for Metastasis Development
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Calix[n]arenes as Goldmines for the Development of Chemical Entities of Pharmaceutical Interest
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structural Requirements of Heparin and Related Molecules to Exert a Multitude of Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Aberrant TGF-β Signaling in Pre-Clinical Models of Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Strategies that Target Tight Junctions for Enhanced Drug Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Review on Patents for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Inhibitor as Medical Advance in Major Human Diseases
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Pharmacological Screening of Lantana camara for its Antiallergic Activity in Rodents
Clinical Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Drugs (Discontinued) Prevalence, Presentation and Outcome of Secondary Bloodstream Infections among COVID-19 Patients
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets