Abstract
Zinc(II) ions contribute to a number of biological processes e.g. DNA synthesis, gene expression, enzymatic catalysis, neurotransmission, and apoptosis. Zinc(II) dysregulation, deficiency and over-supply are connected with various diseases, particularly cancer. 98 % of human body zinc(II) is localized in the intracellular compartment, where zinc(II) is bound with low affinity to metallothionein (MT). Zinc transporters ZIP and ZnT maintain transmembrane transport from/to cells or organelles. Imbalance of their regulation is described in cancers, particularly prostate (down-regulated zinc transporters ZIP1, 2, 3 and ZnT-2) and breast, notably its high-risk variant (up-regulated ZIP6, 7, 10). As a result, intracellular and even blood plasma zinc(II) levels are altered. MT protects cells against oxidative stress, because it cooperates with reduced glutathione (GSH). Recent studies indicate elevated serum level of MT in a number of malignancies, among others in breast, and prostate. MT together with zinc(II) affect apoptosis and proliferation, thus together with its antioxidative effects it may affect cancer. To date, only little is known about the influence of zinc(II) and MT on cancer, while these compounds may play an important role in pathogenesis. This review concludes current data regarding the impact of zinc(II) on the pathogenesis of breast and prostate cancers with potential outlines of new, targeted therapy and prevention. Moreover, blood plasma zinc(II) and MT levels and dietary zinc(II) intake are discussed in relation to breast and prostate cancer risk.
Keywords: Zinc, Cancer, Prostate Carcinoma, Breast Carcinoma, Homeostasis, Low Molecular Mass Thiols, Metallothionein, Glutathione, Zinc Intake, Apoptosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Insight to Physiology and Pathology of Zinc(II) Ions and Their Actions in Breast and Prostate Carcinoma
Volume: 18 Issue: 33
Author(s): J. Gumulec, M. Masarik, S. Krizkova, V. Adam, J. Hubalek, J. Hrabeta, T. Eckschlager, M. Stiborova and R. Kizek
Affiliation:
Keywords: Zinc, Cancer, Prostate Carcinoma, Breast Carcinoma, Homeostasis, Low Molecular Mass Thiols, Metallothionein, Glutathione, Zinc Intake, Apoptosis
Abstract: Zinc(II) ions contribute to a number of biological processes e.g. DNA synthesis, gene expression, enzymatic catalysis, neurotransmission, and apoptosis. Zinc(II) dysregulation, deficiency and over-supply are connected with various diseases, particularly cancer. 98 % of human body zinc(II) is localized in the intracellular compartment, where zinc(II) is bound with low affinity to metallothionein (MT). Zinc transporters ZIP and ZnT maintain transmembrane transport from/to cells or organelles. Imbalance of their regulation is described in cancers, particularly prostate (down-regulated zinc transporters ZIP1, 2, 3 and ZnT-2) and breast, notably its high-risk variant (up-regulated ZIP6, 7, 10). As a result, intracellular and even blood plasma zinc(II) levels are altered. MT protects cells against oxidative stress, because it cooperates with reduced glutathione (GSH). Recent studies indicate elevated serum level of MT in a number of malignancies, among others in breast, and prostate. MT together with zinc(II) affect apoptosis and proliferation, thus together with its antioxidative effects it may affect cancer. To date, only little is known about the influence of zinc(II) and MT on cancer, while these compounds may play an important role in pathogenesis. This review concludes current data regarding the impact of zinc(II) on the pathogenesis of breast and prostate cancers with potential outlines of new, targeted therapy and prevention. Moreover, blood plasma zinc(II) and MT levels and dietary zinc(II) intake are discussed in relation to breast and prostate cancer risk.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gumulec J., Masarik M., Krizkova S., Adam V., Hubalek J., Hrabeta J., Eckschlager T., Stiborova M. and Kizek R., Insight to Physiology and Pathology of Zinc(II) Ions and Their Actions in Breast and Prostate Carcinoma, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711797636126
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711797636126 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Dextran-based Nanocarriers for Delivery of Bioactives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Arginine Deprivation, Autophagy, Apoptosis (AAA) for the Treatment of Melanoma
Current Molecular Medicine Targeting miRNAs for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cancer Proteomics: New Horizons and Insights into Therapeutic Applications
Current Proteomics Ribosomal Proteins and Colorectal Cancer
Current Genomics Disorders of Innate Immunity in Human ageing and effects of Nutraceutical Administration
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of a Range of 4-(n-alkanesulfonate) benzyl Imidazole-Based Compounds as Inhibitors of Rat Testicular 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450<sub>17α</sub>) in the Treatment of Hormone- Dependent Prostate Cancer
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Endothelin-1 and Angiogenesis in Cancer
Current Vascular Pharmacology Novel Insights Into the Role of MicroRNA in Lung Cancer Resistance to Treatment and Targeted Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Tumor Stroma Manipulation By MSC
Current Drug Targets Glucocorticoid Excess Induces Accumulation of Cardiac Glycogen and Triglyceride: Suggested Role for AMPK
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery New Features in the Treatment of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Syntheses and Biological Activities of triazole-based Sulfonamides
Current Organic Chemistry Antigen-specific Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer and p53 as Tumor Antigen
Current Pharmaceutical Design Carbohydrates and Epithelial Repair - More Than Just Post-Translational Modification
Current Drug Targets Role of Thymidine Phosphorylase in Biomodulation of Fluoropyrimidines
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology From Adipose Tissue Protein Secretion to Adipopharmacology of Disease
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Female Reproduction
Current Molecular Medicine Targeting RANK/RANKL in the Treatment of Solid Tumours and Myeloma
Current Pharmaceutical Design