Abstract
The human genome must be tightly packaged in order to fit inside the nucleus of a cell. Genome organization is functional rather than random, which allows for the proper execution of gene expression programs and other biological processes. Recently, three-dimensional chromatin organization has emerged as an important transcriptional control mechanism. For example, enhancers were shown to regulate target genes by physically interacting with them regardless of their linear distance and even if located on different chromosomes. These chromatin contacts can be measured with the “chromosome conformation capture” (3C) technology and other 3C-related techniques. Given the recent innovation of 3C-derived approaches, it is not surprising that we still know very little about the structure of our genome at highresolution. Even less well understood is whether there exist distinct types of chromatin contacts and importantly, what regulates them. A new form of regulation involving the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was recently identified. lncRNAs are a very abundant class of non-coding RNAs that are often expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Although their different subcellular localizations point to their involvement in numerous cellular processes, it is clear that lncRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression. How they control transcription however is mostly unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of known lncRNA transcription regulation activities. We also discuss potential mechanisms by which ncRNAs might exert three-dimensional transcriptional control and what recent studies have revealed about their role in shaping our genome.
Keywords: Chromatin, epigenetics, gene regulation, non-coding RNA, polycomb repression complex, ribonucleoprotein complex, transcription, tiRNAs, HOX genes, Xist
Current Genomics
Title: Shaping the Genome with Non-Coding RNAs
Volume: 12 Issue: 5
Author(s): Xue Q.D. Wang, Jennifer L. Crutchley and Josee Dostie
Affiliation:
Keywords: Chromatin, epigenetics, gene regulation, non-coding RNA, polycomb repression complex, ribonucleoprotein complex, transcription, tiRNAs, HOX genes, Xist
Abstract: The human genome must be tightly packaged in order to fit inside the nucleus of a cell. Genome organization is functional rather than random, which allows for the proper execution of gene expression programs and other biological processes. Recently, three-dimensional chromatin organization has emerged as an important transcriptional control mechanism. For example, enhancers were shown to regulate target genes by physically interacting with them regardless of their linear distance and even if located on different chromosomes. These chromatin contacts can be measured with the “chromosome conformation capture” (3C) technology and other 3C-related techniques. Given the recent innovation of 3C-derived approaches, it is not surprising that we still know very little about the structure of our genome at highresolution. Even less well understood is whether there exist distinct types of chromatin contacts and importantly, what regulates them. A new form of regulation involving the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was recently identified. lncRNAs are a very abundant class of non-coding RNAs that are often expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Although their different subcellular localizations point to their involvement in numerous cellular processes, it is clear that lncRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression. How they control transcription however is mostly unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of known lncRNA transcription regulation activities. We also discuss potential mechanisms by which ncRNAs might exert three-dimensional transcriptional control and what recent studies have revealed about their role in shaping our genome.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Q.D. Wang Xue, L. Crutchley Jennifer and Dostie Josee, Shaping the Genome with Non-Coding RNAs, Current Genomics 2011; 12 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211796429772
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211796429772 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Big Data in Cancer Research
Cancer is a significant threat to human life and health, remaining a highly aggressive killer. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and represents a crucial medical issue for humanity. However, in the past decade, the effectiveness of new synthetic anticancer agents has not matched the current clinical speculation. ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cancer Control by Phytochemicals
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting RANK/RANKL in the Treatment of Solid Tumours and Myeloma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Phytochemicals - A Novel and Prominent Source of Anti-cancer Drugs Against Colorectal Cancer
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Searching for Novel Cancer Chemopreventive Plants and their Products:The Genus Zanthoxylum
Current Drug Targets The Role of Microbiota and Probiotics in Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage
Current Molecular Medicine Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of 6-Ferrocenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one Derivatives
Current Organic Synthesis A Systematic Review of the Molecular Mechanisms of Uranium -Induced Reproductive Toxicity
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Advances and Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Natural Product Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway
Current Drug Targets Synthesis and Evaluation of New Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Drug Targeting Strategies for Photodynamic Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry MARK1 is a Novel Target for miR-125a-5p: Implications for Cell Migration in Cervical Tumor Cells
MicroRNA Bcl-2-Targeted Antisense Therapy (Oblimersen Sodium): Towards Clinical Reality
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Patents on Therapeutic and Cosmetic Applications of Bioactives of Crocus Sativus L. and their Production through Synthetic Biology Methods: A Review
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Strategies on the Development of Small Molecule Anticancer Drugs for Targeted Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Natural and Synthetic Iminosugars as Carbohydrate Processing Enzyme Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Impetus of COVID -19 in Multiple Organ Affliction Apart from Respiratory Infection: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Measures and Current Treatment Strategy
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Genetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Radial Deficiencies in Humans
Current Genomics Improvement of Tumor Localization of Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy and Its Application for Tumor Diagnosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Hypericin - The Facts About a Controversial Agent
Current Pharmaceutical Design