Abstract
Mast cells, traditionally regarded as effector cells of the immune system, have more recently been demonstrated to be key figures in initiating, developing and sustaining complex pathophysiological processes underlying asthma and other allergic diseases. Asthma is characterised by airway inflammation alongside a disturbance to airway physiology manifesting as variable airflow obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Evidence has emerged that mast cells influence airway function by forming close intercellular relationships with different structural components of the airway wall. In asthma, mast cells are seen to localise to the airway epithelium, to mucous glands and to the airway smooth muscle (ASM). It is mast cell-ASM interaction that is most fundamental to the asthma phenotype and many mast cell mediators have been demonstrated to have important effects on ASM function. In asthma, alongside the inflammatory and physiological changes, structural changes occur to the airway wall in the form of denudation of the epithelium, goblet cell and mucous gland hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, vascular proliferation and increased ASM mass. There are many ways in which mast cells can contribute to these structural changes through direct cell to cell communication and more indirectly through mediator release. Mast cells exhibit an array of diverse functions and roles and are fundamental to our current understanding of asthma pathogenesis including severe asthma. Novel targeting of mast cells and their mediators therefore should offer significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma.
Keywords: pathophysiology, Asthma, mast cell, epithelium, mucous glands, airway smooth muscle, airway hyper-responsiveness, airway wall remodelling, subepithelial fibrosis, asthmatic response, chymase, carboxypeptidase, prostaglandin, tryptase, Antagonists, bronchoconstriction, disease, airway inflammatory, dendritic, non-fatal asthma, CXCR3, CXCL11
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Role of Mast Cells in the Structural Alterations of the Airways as a Potential Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Severe Asthma
Volume: 17 Issue: 7
Author(s): R. J.F. Carter and P. Bradding
Affiliation:
Keywords: pathophysiology, Asthma, mast cell, epithelium, mucous glands, airway smooth muscle, airway hyper-responsiveness, airway wall remodelling, subepithelial fibrosis, asthmatic response, chymase, carboxypeptidase, prostaglandin, tryptase, Antagonists, bronchoconstriction, disease, airway inflammatory, dendritic, non-fatal asthma, CXCR3, CXCL11
Abstract: Mast cells, traditionally regarded as effector cells of the immune system, have more recently been demonstrated to be key figures in initiating, developing and sustaining complex pathophysiological processes underlying asthma and other allergic diseases. Asthma is characterised by airway inflammation alongside a disturbance to airway physiology manifesting as variable airflow obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Evidence has emerged that mast cells influence airway function by forming close intercellular relationships with different structural components of the airway wall. In asthma, mast cells are seen to localise to the airway epithelium, to mucous glands and to the airway smooth muscle (ASM). It is mast cell-ASM interaction that is most fundamental to the asthma phenotype and many mast cell mediators have been demonstrated to have important effects on ASM function. In asthma, alongside the inflammatory and physiological changes, structural changes occur to the airway wall in the form of denudation of the epithelium, goblet cell and mucous gland hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, vascular proliferation and increased ASM mass. There are many ways in which mast cells can contribute to these structural changes through direct cell to cell communication and more indirectly through mediator release. Mast cells exhibit an array of diverse functions and roles and are fundamental to our current understanding of asthma pathogenesis including severe asthma. Novel targeting of mast cells and their mediators therefore should offer significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
J.F. Carter R. and Bradding P., The Role of Mast Cells in the Structural Alterations of the Airways as a Potential Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Severe Asthma, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795428975
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795428975 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Tuberculosis, an Old Disease Lacking New Therapeutic Drugs
Current Drug Therapy The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Eerobic Exercises on Serum Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein B Levels and their Ratio in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Histamine-Dependent and -Independent Hypersensitivity Reactions to Contrast Media: The Impact of Antihistamines
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Intracellular Signaling Pathways Modulated by Phenolic Compounds: Application for New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Discovery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Effect of Nutrient Medium, Phytohormones and Elicitation Treatment on in-vitro Callus Culture of Bacopa monniera and Expression of Secondary Metabolites
The Natural Products Journal Mechanisms of Action and Chemical-Biological Interactions Between Ozone and Body Compartments: A Critical Appraisal of the Different Administration Routes
Current Drug Therapy Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy – Update of Recent Progress in Mucosal Immunity
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Current Neurovascular Research Control of Autoimmune Diseases by the B7-CD28 Family Molecules
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multifaceted Approach to Circadian Rhythm: Redox, Oxidative Stress, Melatonin, Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide, Hypoxia, Anesthetics, Cortisol and Cocaine
Current Chemical Biology Anticancer Potential of Ginger: Mechanistic and Pharmaceutical Aspects
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lactoferrin as a Natural Immune Modulator
Current Pharmaceutical Design The use of Immunoglobulin Therapy in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Atopic Dermatitis and Cytokines: The Immunoregulatory and Therapeutic Implications of Cytokines in Atopic Dermatitis - Part II: Negative Regulation and Cytokine Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Salt: A Review of its Role in Food Science and Public Health
Current Nutrition & Food Science Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Step towards Treatment of Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery TRPM8 Biology and Medicinal Chemistry
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry COVID-19: Our Current Knowledge of Epidemiology, Pathology, Therapeutic Approaches, and Diagnostic Methods
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Antitumor Effects of Celastrol and Semi-Synthetic Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Update on Interventions in Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Asthma
Current Medicinal Chemistry