Abstract
Powder layering technique was evaluated using laboratory scale centrifugal granulator instrument to prepare extended release pellet dosage form of ketoprofen. Ethyl cellulose and shellac polymers were used for drug layering and extended release coating in the same apparatus. Inert sugar spheres were intermittently treated with drug powder and binding solution. Combination of ethyl cellulose (45cps) and shellac was evaluated as binders at different levels (1:3 ratio, at 6%, 12%, 16% and 21%w/w polymer) for drug loading and for extended release coating (1:3 ratio at 2%, 4% and 7% w/w polymer). Pellets were evaluated for drug release study using paddle apparatus in pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer, 900ml at 100 rpm. Ethyl cellulose and shellac when used as binder during drug layering did not extend the ketoprofen release beyond 4h. However, coating of drug loaded pellets using ethyl cellulose and shellac resulted in extended release profile of ketoprofen for about 10h. Ethyl cellulose coating alone at a level of 3% w/w resulted in extended release profile. Coated pellets were evaluated for sphericity, Hardness-Friability Index and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron micrographs of the pellets showed a uniform coating of polymer on the core pellets substantiating the use of centrifugal granulator for extended release coating. Release pattern from the optimized batch was best explained by Higuchis model. The drug release pattern from the pellets was found to be Non-Fickian anomalous type, involving both diffusion and erosion mechanism. Accelerated stability study of the coated pellets filled in hard gelatin capsule was conducted for 3-month period and observed for the effect on drug release profile.
Keywords: Powder layering, centrifugal granulator, shellac, ethyl cellulose, ketoprofen, Hardness-Friability, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Ethocel, Carr's Index, Electrolab ETD-1020 Tap Density Tester, Olympus BX55TF, UV- Visible spectrophotometer, Higuchi Model, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Eudragit NE 30D, Ethyl Cellulose Coating, scanning electron microscope
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Title: Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Ketoprofen Extended Release Pellets Using Powder Layering Technique in a Rotary Centrifugal Granulator
Volume: 14 Issue: 2
Author(s): Raveendra Pai, Aruna Pai, Birendra Shrivastava and Kanchan Kohli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Powder layering, centrifugal granulator, shellac, ethyl cellulose, ketoprofen, Hardness-Friability, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Ethocel, Carr's Index, Electrolab ETD-1020 Tap Density Tester, Olympus BX55TF, UV- Visible spectrophotometer, Higuchi Model, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Eudragit NE 30D, Ethyl Cellulose Coating, scanning electron microscope
Abstract: Powder layering technique was evaluated using laboratory scale centrifugal granulator instrument to prepare extended release pellet dosage form of ketoprofen. Ethyl cellulose and shellac polymers were used for drug layering and extended release coating in the same apparatus. Inert sugar spheres were intermittently treated with drug powder and binding solution. Combination of ethyl cellulose (45cps) and shellac was evaluated as binders at different levels (1:3 ratio, at 6%, 12%, 16% and 21%w/w polymer) for drug loading and for extended release coating (1:3 ratio at 2%, 4% and 7% w/w polymer). Pellets were evaluated for drug release study using paddle apparatus in pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer, 900ml at 100 rpm. Ethyl cellulose and shellac when used as binder during drug layering did not extend the ketoprofen release beyond 4h. However, coating of drug loaded pellets using ethyl cellulose and shellac resulted in extended release profile of ketoprofen for about 10h. Ethyl cellulose coating alone at a level of 3% w/w resulted in extended release profile. Coated pellets were evaluated for sphericity, Hardness-Friability Index and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron micrographs of the pellets showed a uniform coating of polymer on the core pellets substantiating the use of centrifugal granulator for extended release coating. Release pattern from the optimized batch was best explained by Higuchis model. The drug release pattern from the pellets was found to be Non-Fickian anomalous type, involving both diffusion and erosion mechanism. Accelerated stability study of the coated pellets filled in hard gelatin capsule was conducted for 3-month period and observed for the effect on drug release profile.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pai Raveendra, Pai Aruna, Shrivastava Birendra and Kohli Kanchan, Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Ketoprofen Extended Release Pellets Using Powder Layering Technique in a Rotary Centrifugal Granulator, Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 2011; 14 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620711794474042
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620711794474042 |
Print ISSN 1386-2073 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5402 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Biomedical, Biochemical and Bioinformatics Problems
Recently, a large number of technologies based on artificial intelligence have been developed and applied to solve a diverse range of problems in the areas of biomedical, biochemical and bioinformatics problems. By utilizing powerful computing resources and massive amounts of data, methods based on artificial intelligence can significantly improve the ...read more
Eco-friendly Agents for Biological Control of Pathogenic Diseases
The discovery of an alternative biological approach to disease management includes work on medicinal products derived from natural sources as a starting point for the development of eco-friendly agents for these diseases and the injuries they cause, as well as reducing human contact with hazardous chemicals and their residues. We ...read more
Emerging trends in diseases mechanisms, noble drug targets and therapeutic strategies: focus on immunological and inflammatory disorders
Recently infectious and inflammatory diseases have been a key concern worldwide due to tremendous morbidity and mortality world Wide. Recent, nCOVID-9 pandemic is a good example for the emerging infectious disease outbreak. The world is facing many emerging and re-emerging diseases out breaks at present however, there is huge lack ...read more
Exploring Spectral Graph Theory in Combinatorial Chemistry
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Combinatorial chemistry involves the synthesis and analysis of a large number of diverse compounds simultaneously. Traditional methods rely on brute force experimentation, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Spectral Graph Theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the properties of graphs in relation to the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Current Trends in the Application of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Neurotrophic Factors for Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuropathy - With a Special Reference to Diabetic Neuropathy in the Retina
Current Diabetes Reviews α-(-)-bisabolol Reduces Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production and Ameliorates Skin Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Human Carbonyl Reductases
Current Drug Metabolism Nociceptin / Orphanin FQ (NOP) Receptors as Novel Potential Target in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Current Drug Targets The Triad: Erectile Dysfunction - Endothelial Dysfunction - Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacological Interventions to Attenuate Alzheimer’s Disease Progression: The Story So Far
Current Alzheimer Research Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Socioeconomic Status: The Missing Link Between Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus?
Current Diabetes Reviews Novel Antiinflammatory and Antiinfective Agents
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Drug Eluting Stents: Friend or Foe? A Review of Cellular Mechanisms Behind the Effects of Paclitaxel and Sirolimus Eluting Stents
Current Drug Metabolism Resolvins: Endogenously-Generated Potent Painkilling Substances and their Therapeutic Perspectives
Current Neuropharmacology Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Gastro- Protective Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Agents based on Dual Oxidative Stress / Cyclooxygenase Inhibition
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Src Family Kinases: Potential Targets for the Treatment of Human Cancer and Leukemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Paradoxical Reaction to Rituximab in Six Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Patients: How Could it be Explained and Managed?
Current Rheumatology Reviews Pharmaco-Therapeutic Challenges in Cancer Biology with Focus on the Immune- System Related Risk Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulatory T Cells in Central Nervous System: in Health and Disease
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Extracts of Bacopa monnieri (L) Pennell Down-Regulate the Expression of Leukotriene C<sub>4</sub> Synthase mRNA in HL-60 Cells and Suppress OVAInduced Inflammation in BALB/c Mice
Current Bioactive Compounds Pharmacogenomics: Integration into Drug Discovery and Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation