Abstract
Since its discovery, peroxynitrite has been known as a potent oxidant in biological systems, and a rapidly growing body of literature has characterized its biochemistry and role in the pathophysiology of various conditions. Either directly or by inducing free radical pathways, peroxynitrite damages vital biomolecules such as DNA, proteins including enzymes with important functions, and lipids. It also initiates diverse reactions leading eventually to disrupted cell signaling, cell death, and apoptosis. The potential role and contribution of this deleterious species has been the subject of investigation in several important diseases, including but not limited to, cancer, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes-related complications represent a major health problem at epidemic levels. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been put into investigation of the molecular basics of peroxynitrite-related mechanisms in diabetes. Studies constantly seek new therapeutical approaches in order to eliminate or decrease the level of peroxynitrite, or to interfere with its downstream mechanisms. This review is intended to emphasize the latest findings about peroxynitrite and diabetes, and, in addition, to discuss recent and novel advances that are likely to contribute to a better understanding of peroxynitrite-mediated damage in this disease.
Keywords: Diabetes, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine, peroxynitrite, neurodegenerative disorders, superoxide dismutases, tryptophanes, cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, juvenile, hyperglycemia, streptozotocin, hypoalgesia, N-(3-(Aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine, insulin receptor substrate -1, molsidomine
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Peroxynitrite-Driven Mechanisms in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance – the Latest Advances
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): K. Stadler
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetes, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine, peroxynitrite, neurodegenerative disorders, superoxide dismutases, tryptophanes, cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, juvenile, hyperglycemia, streptozotocin, hypoalgesia, N-(3-(Aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine, insulin receptor substrate -1, molsidomine
Abstract: Since its discovery, peroxynitrite has been known as a potent oxidant in biological systems, and a rapidly growing body of literature has characterized its biochemistry and role in the pathophysiology of various conditions. Either directly or by inducing free radical pathways, peroxynitrite damages vital biomolecules such as DNA, proteins including enzymes with important functions, and lipids. It also initiates diverse reactions leading eventually to disrupted cell signaling, cell death, and apoptosis. The potential role and contribution of this deleterious species has been the subject of investigation in several important diseases, including but not limited to, cancer, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes-related complications represent a major health problem at epidemic levels. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been put into investigation of the molecular basics of peroxynitrite-related mechanisms in diabetes. Studies constantly seek new therapeutical approaches in order to eliminate or decrease the level of peroxynitrite, or to interfere with its downstream mechanisms. This review is intended to emphasize the latest findings about peroxynitrite and diabetes, and, in addition, to discuss recent and novel advances that are likely to contribute to a better understanding of peroxynitrite-mediated damage in this disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Stadler K., Peroxynitrite-Driven Mechanisms in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance – the Latest Advances, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711794088317
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711794088317 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Novel Swellable/Expandable Gastroretentive Floating Films of Gliclazide Folded in Capsule Shell for the Effective Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation Development, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation
Current Drug Therapy Dissolution Rate Enhancement of Repaglinide Using Dietary Fiber as a Promising Carrier
Current Drug Delivery Assessment of Cardiac Performance with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Current Cardiology Reviews Managing Cardiovascular Risk Factors without Medications: What is the Evidence?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Beneficial Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases: But, How and Why?
Current Nutrition & Food Science The Hot and Potential Targets of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment in Recent Decade
Current Drug Targets Lipid-Lowering Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients: Relationship with Antiretroviral Agents and Impact of Substance-Related Disorders
Current Vascular Pharmacology Lentiviral Transgenesis - A Versatile Tool for Basic Research and Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Chronic Stress and Diabetes Mellitus: Interwoven Pathologies
Current Diabetes Reviews Enzymatic Vitreolysis
Current Diabetes Reviews Editorial (Sulodexide, An Old Drug with Recent Renewed Interest)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Can We Selectively Reduce Appetite for Energy-Dense Foods? An Overview of Pharmacological Strategies for Modification of Food Preference Behavior
Current Neuropharmacology Lipoprotein(a): Current Perspectives
Current Vascular Pharmacology Encapsulation in Cell Therapy: Methodologies, Materials, and Clinical Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lower Uric Acid Linked with Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Low Testosterone and Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Current Medicinal Chemistry Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis: Focus on Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Obesity and Gastrointestinal Hormones-Dual Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade and a Partial Agonist of PPAR-γ
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Complex Inter-Relationship Between Diabetes and Schizophrenia
Current Diabetes Reviews