Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule, which was first discovered in 1987 by Geraghty and colleagues [1]. While classical HLA class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, the expression of the HLA-G molecule is highly tissue-restricted, such as to placental trophoblast cells. HLA-G binds inhibitory receptors such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors B1 (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85j) and LILRB2 (ILT4/CD85d), which are widely expressed on immune cells, to suppress a broad range of immune responses [2-4]. Thus, the expression of HLA-G in placenta protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. On the other hand, emerging studies have shown the relevance of the HLA-G molecule in pathologic conditions, such as transplantation rejection, autoimmunity, and cancer. HLA-G has other unique characteristics, in contrast with classical HLA molecules, including the existence of various forms of HLA-G: several splice variants, subunit-deficient conformations, homodimers, and their combinations have been found [5]. In this review, we highlight the molecular basis for the tolerogenic ability of the HLA-G molecule, especially by LILR recognition of various forms of HLA-G. We also discuss the potential clinical applications of HLA-G molecules.
Keywords: HLA-G, LILR, immune suppression, maternal-fetal interface
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: HLA-G Molecule
Volume: 15 Issue: 28
Author(s): Jun Kamishikiryo and Katsumi Maenaka
Affiliation:
Keywords: HLA-G, LILR, immune suppression, maternal-fetal interface
Abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule, which was first discovered in 1987 by Geraghty and colleagues [1]. While classical HLA class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, the expression of the HLA-G molecule is highly tissue-restricted, such as to placental trophoblast cells. HLA-G binds inhibitory receptors such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors B1 (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85j) and LILRB2 (ILT4/CD85d), which are widely expressed on immune cells, to suppress a broad range of immune responses [2-4]. Thus, the expression of HLA-G in placenta protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. On the other hand, emerging studies have shown the relevance of the HLA-G molecule in pathologic conditions, such as transplantation rejection, autoimmunity, and cancer. HLA-G has other unique characteristics, in contrast with classical HLA molecules, including the existence of various forms of HLA-G: several splice variants, subunit-deficient conformations, homodimers, and their combinations have been found [5]. In this review, we highlight the molecular basis for the tolerogenic ability of the HLA-G molecule, especially by LILR recognition of various forms of HLA-G. We also discuss the potential clinical applications of HLA-G molecules.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kamishikiryo Jun and Maenaka Katsumi, HLA-G Molecule, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789105153
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789105153 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Heterodimeric Amino Acid Transporters: Molecular Biology and Pathological and Pharmacological Relevance
Current Drug Metabolism Mouse ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters Conferring Multi-Drug Resistance
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Potential Adverse Effects Associated with Inhibition of p38α/β MAP Kinases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Role of Biotransformation in Conceptal Toxicity of Drugs and Other Chemicals
Current Pharmaceutical Design PD-1/PD-Ls: A New Target for Regulating Immunopathogenesis in Central Nervous System Disorders
Current Drug Delivery Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly of the Umbilical Cord: Biological Properties and Emerging Clinical Applications
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Extracellular Matrix Regulates Cancer Progression and Therapy Response: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroimmune Aspects of Sjogren`s Syndrome: Role of VIP/VPAC System in Immune and Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Function
Current Pharmaceutical Design NAD+-Linked 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase: Structure and Biological Functions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Vascular Endothelium: Functioning in Norm, Changes in Atherosclerosis and Current Dietary Approaches to Improve Endothelial Function
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Transcription Factors for Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Stress and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Assessment of Enantioselective Toxicity of Chiral Pesticides
Current Protein & Peptide Science RECKing MMP: Relevance of Reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich Protein with Kazal Motifs as a Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target for Cancer (A Review)
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Potential Cell Signalling Mechanisms Involved in Differential Placental Angiogenesis in Mild and Severe Pre-Eclampsia
Current Vascular Pharmacology Unraveling Progesterone-Induced Molecular Mechanisms in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Current Clinical Pharmacology Signal Transduction Pathways Provide Opportunities to Enhance HDL and apoAI-Dependent Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Inflammaging of Female Reproductive System: A Molecular Landscape
Current Aging Science Purine Ionotropic (P2X) Receptors
Current Pharmaceutical Design