Abstract
Clonidine is classified as an imidazoline and it is the prototypical alpha-2 receptor agonists. It has been used for several years to treat hypertension. It has also been used, “off label”, for a variety of purposes, including opioid and anesthetic sparing effects, anxiolysis and sedation, drug withdrawal as well as stabilizing blood pressure and reducing stress response to surgery. Particularly in the case of patients with overt or underlying cardiac disease and in those at risk of perioperative ischemia the action of clonidine can be expected to reduce the risk of procedure-related cardiac events. In addition, clonidine used as a premedication drug before surgery or surgical procedure, has been shown to substantially reduce anaesthetic, benzodiazepine and opioids requirements. However, its “off label” use, the absence of an intravenous form of in the United States, possible inadvertent hypotension, bradycardia or post-operative sedation, and the variability of the haemodynamic response to different doses or rates of administration, have limited its use in clinical practice. This review discusses the potential role of clonidine and the supporting evidence for the use of this drug beyond its antihypertensive use in perioperative medicine and critical care in adults patients.
Keywords: Clonidine, alpha-2 agonists, sedation, analgesia, opioids, myocardial ischemia, shivering, anaesthetic
Current Drug Targets
Title: Clonidine in Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Unit: More Than An Anti-Hypertensive Drug
Volume: 10 Issue: 8
Author(s): C. Gregoretti, B. Moglia, P. Pelosi and P. Navalesi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Clonidine, alpha-2 agonists, sedation, analgesia, opioids, myocardial ischemia, shivering, anaesthetic
Abstract: Clonidine is classified as an imidazoline and it is the prototypical alpha-2 receptor agonists. It has been used for several years to treat hypertension. It has also been used, “off label”, for a variety of purposes, including opioid and anesthetic sparing effects, anxiolysis and sedation, drug withdrawal as well as stabilizing blood pressure and reducing stress response to surgery. Particularly in the case of patients with overt or underlying cardiac disease and in those at risk of perioperative ischemia the action of clonidine can be expected to reduce the risk of procedure-related cardiac events. In addition, clonidine used as a premedication drug before surgery or surgical procedure, has been shown to substantially reduce anaesthetic, benzodiazepine and opioids requirements. However, its “off label” use, the absence of an intravenous form of in the United States, possible inadvertent hypotension, bradycardia or post-operative sedation, and the variability of the haemodynamic response to different doses or rates of administration, have limited its use in clinical practice. This review discusses the potential role of clonidine and the supporting evidence for the use of this drug beyond its antihypertensive use in perioperative medicine and critical care in adults patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gregoretti C., Moglia B., Pelosi P. and Navalesi P., Clonidine in Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Unit: More Than An Anti-Hypertensive Drug, Current Drug Targets 2009; 10 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945009788982478
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945009788982478 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Metabolic Acidosis in Sepsis
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Central Nervous System Agents Used as Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Chemotherapy: Phenothiazines and Related Compounds
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Infective Agents L-Arginine Transport and Nitric Oxide Production in Kinin Receptor B1-/- Endothelial Cells.
Protein & Peptide Letters Pharmacological Effects of RAAS Blockade in Ischemic Nephropathy
Current Drug Metabolism Endothelin Receptors, Mitochondria and Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia
Current Neuropharmacology Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists and Parkinsons Disease: State of the Art and Future Directions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Occurrence and Biological Activities of Eremophilane-type Sesquiterpenes
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Calcium-Independent Membrane Damage by Venom Phospholipases A2
Protein & Peptide Letters Novel Biomass Derived from Grape Pomace Waste as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthene, Tetraketone, bis(indolyl)alkane and Chromene Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation
Current Organic Synthesis Systematic Review on Infusion Reactions Associated with Chemotherapies and Monoclonal Antibodies for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Current Clinical Pharmacology The Hemodynamics of Septic Shock: A Historical Perspective
Current Vascular Pharmacology In Silico Studies Targeting G-protein Coupled Receptors for Drug Research Against Parkinson’s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Chemotherapy and Cardiotoxicity in Hematologic Malignancies
Current Cancer Drug Targets Update on Medical and Surgical Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Evaluating Drug Safety in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder
Current Drug Safety Is the Cytoskeleton an Intracellular Receptor for Adrenomedullin and PAMP?
Current Protein & Peptide Science Application of VEGF Gene Therapy in Two Basic Fields of Plastic- Reparative Surgery: Tissue Reconstruction with Flaps and Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Nitric Oxide in the Dorsal Medulla Modulates Excitatory Somatosympathetic Reflexes
Current Cardiology Reviews Ghrelin in Obesity, Physiological and Pharmacological Considerations
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Infection and Hemodialysis Access: An Updated Review.
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets