Abstract
Amyloid is a term used to describe protein deposits with circumscript physical characteristics: β-pleated sheet configuration, apple green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining, fibrillary structure and high insolubility. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) defines a clinicopathological phenomenon characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, arterioles, and, less often capillaries and veins of the central nervous system. CAAs are currently classified according to the protein deposited including amyloid β peptide (Aβ), cystatin C (ACys C), prion protein (PrPSc), ABri/ADan, transthyretin (ATTR), and gelsolin (AGel). Most often amyloid deposition occurs in sporadic forms. In less common hereditary forms, a mutated variant protein or precursor protein is abnormally metabolized by proteolytic pathways in consequence of specific gene mutations, and accumulates as amyloid. The spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with CAA-related vasculopathic changes includes both ischemic and hemorrhagic presentations, primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) being probably the most well-recognized. However, in spite of accumulating data and recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of CAA-related hemorrhage, the exact mechanisms leading to vessel rupture in these cases are yet to be established. This represents, at present, a major limitation to the identification of reliable biomarkers and the development of disease-specific treatment options. The present paper summarizes epidemiologic and clinical aspects of CAA, and highlights the presumed pathomechanisms of amyloid deposition in both sporadic and hereditary forms.
Keywords: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, β amyloid peptide, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Common Cause of Cerebral Hemorrhage
Volume: 16 Issue: 20
Author(s): A. Pezzini, E. Del Zotto, I. Volonghi, A. Giossi, P. Costa and A. Padovani
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, β amyloid peptide, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
Abstract: Amyloid is a term used to describe protein deposits with circumscript physical characteristics: β-pleated sheet configuration, apple green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining, fibrillary structure and high insolubility. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) defines a clinicopathological phenomenon characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, arterioles, and, less often capillaries and veins of the central nervous system. CAAs are currently classified according to the protein deposited including amyloid β peptide (Aβ), cystatin C (ACys C), prion protein (PrPSc), ABri/ADan, transthyretin (ATTR), and gelsolin (AGel). Most often amyloid deposition occurs in sporadic forms. In less common hereditary forms, a mutated variant protein or precursor protein is abnormally metabolized by proteolytic pathways in consequence of specific gene mutations, and accumulates as amyloid. The spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with CAA-related vasculopathic changes includes both ischemic and hemorrhagic presentations, primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) being probably the most well-recognized. However, in spite of accumulating data and recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of CAA-related hemorrhage, the exact mechanisms leading to vessel rupture in these cases are yet to be established. This represents, at present, a major limitation to the identification of reliable biomarkers and the development of disease-specific treatment options. The present paper summarizes epidemiologic and clinical aspects of CAA, and highlights the presumed pathomechanisms of amyloid deposition in both sporadic and hereditary forms.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pezzini A., Del Zotto E., Volonghi I., Giossi A., Costa P. and Padovani A., Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Common Cause of Cerebral Hemorrhage, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788682047
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788682047 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Drug Transport Across the Placenta
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Expression of α-Tubulin and Angiopoietin 1 and 2 in Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion
Current Neurovascular Research Malformations of the Female Genital Tract and Embryological Bases
Current Women`s Health Reviews Targeting TNF-Alpha to Elucidate and Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Sex Differences in Biomarkers for Predicting Cardiovascular and Coronary Events
Current Vascular Pharmacology Expression of Estrogen-Regulated Genes During Development in the Mouse Uterus Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol Neonatally
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae
Current Protein & Peptide Science Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Congenital Malformations Attributed to Prenatal Exposure to Cyclophosphamide
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Involvement of the Transforming Growth Factor β in the Pathogenesis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Current Pharmaceutical Design NTproBNP: An Important Biomarker in Cardiac Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Promotional Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing on Bone Tissue Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia: A Lethal Developmental Lung Malformation
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Ventilatory Support in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG): Mechanisms and the Combined Applications
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Editorial [Hot Topic: Stroke Prevention (Guest Editors: T. Tatlisumak, K. Rantanen and M. Fisher)]
Current Drug Targets Dysfunctions of the Diffusional Membrane Pathways Mediated Hemichannels in Inherited and Acquired Human Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extreme Prematurity: Role of Echocar-diography and Other Imaging Techniques
Current Pediatric Reviews Anorexia Nervosa and the Use of Total Parenteral Nutrition Refeeding
Current Nutrition & Food Science Thyroid Ultrasound and Other Imaging Procedures in the Pediatric Age
Current Pediatric Reviews