Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-hydrolytic enzymes play critical roles in reproduction, development, morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair, regeneration, and remodeling. They are also involved in pathological processes such as inflammation, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer invasion and metastasis. Other reviews summarized the structure and function of ECM-degrading enzymes in cancer and other diseases. This review will focus on current insights of major protease families and other digestive enzymes that play significant roles in ECM remodeling and ECM-related pathologies. For example, the functions of matrix metalloproteinases in modulating adipogenesis, and their subsequent implications in obese patients, are discussed. Recent discovery and characterization of nineteen members of the human disintegrin-metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif family have revealed new opportunities of investigating these enzymes in human pathologies, especially in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Although kallikrein-3 was discovered many years ago as prostate specific antigen, the biomarker for detecting human prostate cancer and monitoring its recurrence in patients after surgery, fifteen members of the kallikrein family were reported to participate in physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, exciting research has been carried out on other important ECM-digestive enzymes, including heparanase, cathepsins, hyaluronidases, and matriptases. Research data have suggested that these enzymes are potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cancer, arthritis, obesity, diabetic complications, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cerebral vascular diseases, and many other pathological conditions.
Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases, adamalysins, ADAMTS, cathepsins, hyaluronidases, heparanase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, kallikreins
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: A Fresh Prospect of Extracellular Matrix Hydrolytic Enzymes and Their Substrates
Volume: 15 Issue: 12
Author(s): M. D. Roycik, X. Fang and Q.-X. Sang
Affiliation:
Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases, adamalysins, ADAMTS, cathepsins, hyaluronidases, heparanase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, kallikreins
Abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-hydrolytic enzymes play critical roles in reproduction, development, morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair, regeneration, and remodeling. They are also involved in pathological processes such as inflammation, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer invasion and metastasis. Other reviews summarized the structure and function of ECM-degrading enzymes in cancer and other diseases. This review will focus on current insights of major protease families and other digestive enzymes that play significant roles in ECM remodeling and ECM-related pathologies. For example, the functions of matrix metalloproteinases in modulating adipogenesis, and their subsequent implications in obese patients, are discussed. Recent discovery and characterization of nineteen members of the human disintegrin-metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif family have revealed new opportunities of investigating these enzymes in human pathologies, especially in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Although kallikrein-3 was discovered many years ago as prostate specific antigen, the biomarker for detecting human prostate cancer and monitoring its recurrence in patients after surgery, fifteen members of the kallikrein family were reported to participate in physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, exciting research has been carried out on other important ECM-digestive enzymes, including heparanase, cathepsins, hyaluronidases, and matriptases. Research data have suggested that these enzymes are potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cancer, arthritis, obesity, diabetic complications, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cerebral vascular diseases, and many other pathological conditions.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Roycik D. M., Fang X. and Sang Q.-X., A Fresh Prospect of Extracellular Matrix Hydrolytic Enzymes and Their Substrates, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787846676
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787846676 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pulmonary Complications After Congenital Heart Surgery
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Harnessing the Power of SIRT1 and Non-coding RNAs in Vascular Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Fibrinolysis: The Key to New Pathogenetic Mechanisms
Current Medicinal Chemistry Positive and Negative Effects of TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Carcinogenesis
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Non-Viral Delivery of RNA Interference Targeting Cancer Cells in Cancer Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Valve Endothelial Cells – Not Just Any Old Endothelial Cells
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting Platelet G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Looking Beyond Conventional GPCR Antagonism
Current Vascular Pharmacology Microparticles: From Biogenesis to Biomarkers and Diagnostic Tools in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Withdrawal Notice: Reconnoitering the Role of Endothelin in Obesity
Current Pharmaceutical Design Is Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Indeed the Hepatic Manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Retina and Potential for Protection and Recovery
Current Neuropharmacology Osteoprotegerin in Cardiovascular Disease: Ally or Enemy?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Perinatal Gene Transfer to the Liver
Current Pharmaceutical Design Changes of Expression of the Protein C Pathway Components in LPSInduced Endotoxemia–Implication for Sepsis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Antisense Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design HIV-1 Infection: Recent Developments in Treatment and Current Management Strategies
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Revolutionary Impact of Nanodrug Delivery on Neuroscience
Current Neuropharmacology Fluoxetine Metabolism and Pharmacological Interactions: The Role of Cytochrome P450
Current Drug Metabolism Is Formaldehyde the Missing Link in AD Pathology? The Differential Aggregation of Amyloid-Beta with APOE Isoforms In Vitro
Current Alzheimer Research Biomarkers Determining Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Kidney Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry