Abstract
The immune system recognizes and potentially eliminates tumors that express antigenic molecules. The theory of “cancer immunosurveillance”, describing lymphocytes as sentinels capable of recognizing nascent transformed cells and thus maintaining tissue homeostasis, has been proposed as far back as 50 years ago. The modern vision of immune responses against cancer is more complex because the immune system sculpts the immunogenic phenotype of developing tumors by not only facilitating their elimination, but also their progression in regards to the role of regulatory T cells and the subpopulation of natural killer T cells (NKT). Manipulation of adaptive immunity through therapeutic approaches is relevant to prevent metastasis and, in some cases, to treat primary tumors if the relevant antigens have been identified. Here we review the use of glycoconjugates containing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) in immunotherapy and their use as vaccines in clinical and pre-clinical trials. We also describe a new experimental vaccine model for the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) that involves designer TACA-containing glycopeptides with high affinity for class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Keywords: Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, adaptive immunity, cytotoxic T cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Glycoconjugates As Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Trials and Future Directions
Volume: 8 Issue: 1
Author(s): Alssandra Franco
Affiliation:
Keywords: Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, adaptive immunity, cytotoxic T cells
Abstract: The immune system recognizes and potentially eliminates tumors that express antigenic molecules. The theory of “cancer immunosurveillance”, describing lymphocytes as sentinels capable of recognizing nascent transformed cells and thus maintaining tissue homeostasis, has been proposed as far back as 50 years ago. The modern vision of immune responses against cancer is more complex because the immune system sculpts the immunogenic phenotype of developing tumors by not only facilitating their elimination, but also their progression in regards to the role of regulatory T cells and the subpopulation of natural killer T cells (NKT). Manipulation of adaptive immunity through therapeutic approaches is relevant to prevent metastasis and, in some cases, to treat primary tumors if the relevant antigens have been identified. Here we review the use of glycoconjugates containing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) in immunotherapy and their use as vaccines in clinical and pre-clinical trials. We also describe a new experimental vaccine model for the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) that involves designer TACA-containing glycopeptides with high affinity for class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Franco Alssandra, Glycoconjugates As Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Trials and Future Directions, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 8 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152008783330888
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152008783330888 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Induction of cell death in cancer cells by modulating telomerase activity using small molecule drugs
Telomeres are distinctive but short stretches present at the corners of chromosomes and aid in stabilizing chromosomal makeup. Resynthesis of telomeres supported by the activity of reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex telomerase. There is no any telomerase activity in human somatic cells, but the stem cells and germ cells undergone telomerase ...read more
Role of natural compounds as anti anti-cancer agents
Cancer is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy remains an important approach in treatment o f several types of cancers, even though ...read more
Signaling and enzymatic modulators in cancer treatment
Cancer accounts for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022 and is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the most important approach for the treatment of several ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Transdermal Nutraceuticals Delivery System for CNS Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Anticancer Properties of Dietary Polyphenols and its Relation with Apoptosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inhibitors of the TGF-β Superfamily and their Clinical Applications
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Multi-target Activities of Selected Alkaloids and Terpenoids
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Therapeutic Gene Products Delivery by Neuron Stem Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Protective Effects of Chronic Green Tea Consumption on Age-related Neurodegeneration
Current Pharmaceutical Design Will it Ever Become Possible to Prevent Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration?
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Contribution of Proteinase-Activated Receptors to Intracellular Signaling, Transcellular Transport and Autophagy in Alzheimer´s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research PTI-609: A Novel Analgesic that Binds Filamin A to Control Opioid Signaling
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Therapeutic Potential of microRNA Modulation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inhibition of Protein Misfolding and Aggregation by Small Rationally-Designed Peptides
Current Pharmaceutical Design Apoptosis in Drug Response
Current Pharmacogenomics Can Tea Consumption be a Safe and Effective Therapy Against Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Neurodegeneration?
Current Neuropharmacology Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Kit and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry Vaccine Ingredients: Components that Influence Vaccine Efficacy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Opioid Regulation of Mu Receptor Internalisation: Relevance to the Development of Tolerance and Dependence
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Advances in Molecular Image-Guided Cancer Radionuclide Therapy
Current Drug Targets Pharmacological Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Treatment
Current Drug Targets The Stress Rheostat: An Interplay Between the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration
Current Molecular Medicine Multi-Classifier Based on Hard Instances- New Method for Prediction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry