Abstract
Although cardiac synchronization is important in maintaining myocardial performance, the mechanism of dys-synchronization in ailing to failing myocardium is unclear. It is known that the cardiac myocyte contracts and relaxes individually; however, it synchronizes only when connected to one another by low resistance communications called gap junction protein (connexins) and extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the remodeling of connexins and ECM in heart failure plays an important role in cardiac conduction, synchronization and arrhythmias. This review for the first time addresses the role of systemic accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in vasospasm, pressure and volume overload heart failure, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The attenuation of calcium-dependent mitochondrial (mt), endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS, eNOS and nNOS) by Hcy plays a significant role in cardiac arrhythmias. The signal transduction mechanisms in Hcy-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in cardiac connexin remodeling are discussed.
Keywords: Heart failure, calpain, hypertension, vascular remodeling, ECM, calcium channel, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, LVH
Current Neurovascular Research
Title: Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
Author(s): Karni S. Moshal, Clacy K. Camel, Ganesh K. Kartha, Mesia M. Steed, Neetu Tyagi, Utpal Sen, Y. James Kang, David Lominadze, Claudio Maldonado and Suresh C. Tyagi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Heart failure, calpain, hypertension, vascular remodeling, ECM, calcium channel, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, LVH
Abstract: Although cardiac synchronization is important in maintaining myocardial performance, the mechanism of dys-synchronization in ailing to failing myocardium is unclear. It is known that the cardiac myocyte contracts and relaxes individually; however, it synchronizes only when connected to one another by low resistance communications called gap junction protein (connexins) and extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the remodeling of connexins and ECM in heart failure plays an important role in cardiac conduction, synchronization and arrhythmias. This review for the first time addresses the role of systemic accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in vasospasm, pressure and volume overload heart failure, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The attenuation of calcium-dependent mitochondrial (mt), endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS, eNOS and nNOS) by Hcy plays a significant role in cardiac arrhythmias. The signal transduction mechanisms in Hcy-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in cardiac connexin remodeling are discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Moshal S. Karni, Camel K. Clacy, Kartha K. Ganesh, Steed M. Mesia, Tyagi Neetu, Sen Utpal, Kang James Y., Lominadze David, Maldonado Claudio and Tyagi C. Suresh, Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia, Current Neurovascular Research 2007; 4 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720207782446324
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720207782446324 |
Print ISSN 1567-2026 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5739 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
A Molecular Link Between Diabetes and Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Potential of Repurposing Incretin-based Therapies for Breast Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Vascular Pharmacology Vitamin D Analogs as Anti-Carcinogenic Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Ultrasound Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Vascular Malformations and Tumours
Current Medical Imaging Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: State of the Art
Current Pharmaceutical Design Digitalis-like Compounds: the Discovery of the O-aminoalkyloxime Group as a Very Powerful Substitute for the Unsaturated γ-Butyrolactone Moiety
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antioxidant Capacity, Phytochemical Analysis and Identification of Active Compounds in Anchomanes difformis
The Natural Products Journal Roles of Insulin Resistance, Endothelial Dysfunction and Lifestyle Changes in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients
Current Drug Targets Treating and Preventing No Reflow in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Current Cardiology Reviews Insulin Resistance and Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Update to: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Anticancer Drug Discovery: Friend or Foe?
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) β-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and its Relationship with Heart Failure
Current Vascular Pharmacology Glycogen Synthase Kinase-β3 in Ischemic Neuronal Death
Current Neurovascular Research Reducing Perioperative Myocardial Infarction with Anesthetic Drugs and Techniques
Current Drug Targets The Role of Apelins in the Physiology of the Heart
Protein & Peptide Letters Update to Medicinal Chemistry of Nicotinamide in the Treatment of Ischemia and Reperfusion
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Use of Medication in Coronary Imaging by CT
Current Medical Imaging Telmisartan in the Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Contemporary View
Current Diabetes Reviews Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modifiable Risk Factors for Premature Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued)